丹麦的志愿服务及对北京的启示

志愿服务是丹麦社会福利保障工作的重要方面。其基本特点是 :历史悠久 ,拥有人数众多的志愿者队伍和规范化的志愿服务组织 ;服务的形式多种多样 ,涉及社会生活的所有领域 ;政府是志愿服务组织的坚强后盾 ,社区则是志愿服务发挥作用的广阔平台。本文系统介绍和分析了丹麦志愿服务的历史、现状和特点 ,并简要分析了其对北京市志愿服务的借鉴意义     

Racing Through Life: The Distribution of Time Pressures by Roles and Role Resources Among Full-Time Workers

The intent of this paper is to provide a more detailed answer to the question “who are the time pressured?” than has previously been available. Data was gathered through a telephone survey of residents of the Northeast Ohio region, yielding a sample of 734 full-time workers. Results indicate that the affluent are more time pressured, although education is associated with higher time pressures only among women. High time pressures are related to the number of roles occupied but the nature of experience within these roles—the type of volunteer work, job characteristics, the amount of housework done by a spouse, and satisfaction with daycare arrangements—are important for understanding the relationship between everyday lived experience and high time pressures.     

大学生志愿者文化的建设路径探讨

大学生参与志愿者活动可以丰富课外生活、增加社会阅历、弘扬时代精神,有着积极长远的意义,但当前存在形式单一、管理不佳、保障不足等缺点。可以通过体现个人价值、弘扬奉献精神,建立协同机制、扩大政府激励,加强宣传引导、营造校园氛围,组织专业培训、注重服务方式,完善评估机制、激发奉献热情等手段,利用现有的、可行的激励机制,结合政府引导、学校推动和大学生的自我觉悟,从根本上推进志愿者文化的形成和发展。     

The Old is New Again

Community agriculture and conservation initiatives have become increasingly important components of sustainable community development strategies, particularly in disadvantaged neighborhoods. This study examines a community conservation program whose goal was to foster revitalization through the establishment of floral and vegetable gardens primarily in distressed areas. Respondents indicated that the program contributed to revitalizing neighborhoods, as well as their beliefs and behavior regarding conservation issues, sense of community, and volunteerism. Motivation for involvement in the program was high. The most important reasons for involvement were to beautify and give back to the community and to support conservation of green space. The more volunteers were engaged in the program, the greater their motivation, conservation ethic, and volunteerism in other community activities. This study illustrates the importance of community gardening and conservation efforts in improving and beautifying distressed communities, promoting sustainable community development, and increasing civic engagement and conservation practices. Implications for practice are also discussed.     

Intergenerational Interactions Occurring Within a Shared Reading Program

Abstract

In the following exploratory study the interaction patterns of 4 parent readers and 4 senior readers were investigated using grounded theory methodology during an intergenerational shared book reading program involving 16, 5 and 6 year old children.¹ Data were collected during pilot, pre-program, program, and post-program conditions using open, axial and selective coding procedures leading to the identification of provisional categories and the central phenomenon of scaffolding. Scaffolding was defined as a query and response pattern initiated by the adult, and used to direct the child's focus of attention during the literacy act. This took place as part of a transactional process where the elements of (a) the book being read, (b) the child and (c) the volunteer reader were found to mutually condition each other. The qualities that the reader brought to the transaction tended to differ when comparing senior and parent readers. The main differences observed occurred in three clusters of (a) Timing, Responsiveness, and Pace, (b) Use of Expression, Colloquialisms, Articulationand (c) Gestures, Feedback Methodsand Range of Strategies. Within these categories, the pace of the senior readers was found to be slower than that of the parent aged readers. The senior readers also tended to use distinct pronunciation and did not use colloquialisms. They were also more inclined to use a wider range of supportive strategies. Both the senior readers and the parent readers were unaware of most of the strategies that they used to support the children. Further research on the question of the transactional process and the qualities brought to the shared reading experience by senior volunteer readers is required. Replication of the present study is suggested across a variety of conditions with different types volunteer readers and children.     

Involvement in Voluntary Organizations: How Older Adults Access Volunteer Roles?

ABSTRACT

This study examines how older adults access organizational volunteer roles and what socio-structural factors are associated with the access. Using the data from the Current Population Survey (U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 2002 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 2002. Current population survey, September 2002: Volunteer supplement, Washington, DC: Author. [Computer file] [Google Scholar]), bivariate analyses show that there are variations in access to volunteer roles across types of organizations. Results from multinomial logistic regressions indicate that education, income, age, and race are associated with the ways that older adults access volunteer roles. Voluntary organizations are advised to approach older adults directly, use current volunteers to recruit potential ones, publicize their organizational goals, and disseminate relevant information in efforts to improve access of older adults to volunteer roles.     

奥运志愿活动与北京市社会志愿服务体系的建设

近年来,我国的社会志愿服务体系建设发展迅速,但在快速发展的同时,整体上存在着志愿服务机制不成熟、活动质量不高、力量分散、参与面不够广等问题。2008年北京奥运会志愿者工作对我国的志愿服务体系建设产生了重大影响。本文建议认真总结奥运会志愿者服务活动的经验,并以此为契机,采取多种方式完善和发展志愿者服务体系。     

论完善我国志愿服务法律制度

我国的志愿服务起步较晚,但发展很快,同时也存在不少亟待解决的问题,特别是缺乏法律化、制度化和规范化,某种程度上滞后于社会发展整体进程。本文在分析当前我国志愿服务现状基础上,重点探讨了完善我国志愿服务法律制度的基本路径,提出要在确立科学原则、完善法律架构、明确法律责任等方面深入思考,以期建立符合我国经济社会发展要求的具有中国特色的社会主义志愿服务法律制度。     

历史演进与发展条件——中国志愿行为文化的实践

研究志愿服务与之相适应的行为文化,对建国以来志愿行为文化萌芽期的模式及其存在的问题进行辩证性的分析,对志愿行为文化高速发展期的起步探索、组织推动、规范发展、社会体系四个阶段的历史演进模式予以梳理,分析其阶段性的发展特点,从传统伦理文化传承、非营利性组织发展、公民社会构建与社会治理、社会转型与体制转轨等角度审视志愿行为文化的发展条件。     

提倡志愿者行动对预防青少年犯罪的可能性探析

组织青少年参与志愿者活动,能有效地补充家庭、学校和社会教育的不足;面向全社会推广志愿者精神,在培养青少年个人责任感和社会责任感的同时,为青少年的健康成长提供良好的社会环境.