Working Unusual Hours and Its Relationship to Job Satisfaction: A Study of European Maritime Pilots

Our study focuses on maritime pilotage in seven European countries and analyzes the level of job satisfaction and its predictors. Like most existing studies in the field of job satisfaction, we show that job satisfaction is an outcome of the work of maritime pilots. Stressful working conditions, such as working unsocial hours and irregular working patterns, create strains that together with intervening factors related to work, family, or the work environment ultimately reduce job satisfaction. However, our results indicate that although negative physical and social consequences are important, they are neither the strongest nor the only variables determining job satisfaction. Another effect seems more important in European maritime pilotage: Job satisfaction is instead a predictor of how much pressure and stress pilots can handle. Despite health problems and a reduction in their quality of life due to working unusual hours, most maritime pilots do not regret their choice of profession. Factors to ameliorate the working conditions are also identified. The most important parameters include alterations in working time systems, working conditions which minimize physical strain, fairness regarding payment, flexibility within the compensation system, an intensification of the possibilities for involvement and participation, an extended degree of co-determination, and the distribution of the ownership of the pilot stations.     

结果公正与程序公正——兼论城市边缘群体的权益保护

社会公正不光指结果公正也包括程序公正。城市边缘群体———农民工遭受歧视的症结主要出在程序的操作上。我们对理想的结果公正的追求 ,需要用对程序公正的尊重加以调节。公正需要而且可以在实践中把握。我们在追求结果公正的过程中首先必须尽可能地实现程序公正     

基于潜在语义分析的长时工作记忆 在语篇理解中的作用

短时工作记忆与长时工作记忆的区别在于,短时工作记忆的容纳、接受能力是有限的 ;而长时工作记忆是专家可在其专业研究范围内得到的一个相对稳定的系统。语篇理解可视 为一种专业化的技能,其过程是读者根据文字材料描写的内容以及自己所具备的知识,建立 对阅读内容的心理表征的过程。分析长时工作记忆在语篇理解中的作用是指在理解期间注重 相关知识的灵活运用,并能快速、准确地进行信息提取和存储。在语篇理解中,潜在语义分 析(latent semantic analysis,缩写为LSA)是通过分析词与词之间,词与段以及段与段之 间的关系来激活分析者已有的知识的一种关于知识表征的理论。     

Time and Work–Life Balance: The Roles of ‘Temporal Customization’ and ‘Life Temporality’

This article poses a challenge to the orthodox binary, conceptualization of work–life balance only made possible by relying on the widespread ‘clock time’ worldview, which understands employment practices in terms of the basic time = money equation. In particular, it is the balance metaphor which relies on a quantification of both work and life in order to make sense and can therefore be seen to be based on an understanding of time as a measurable and value‐able unit. This article seeks to begin the exercise of examining the concept of work–life balance through a broader concept of the temporal dimension than simply limited quantitative notions. Two temporal themes are reported from a study which identified employees who had customized their working pattern to suit the various and multi‐dimensional facets of their lifestyles and thereby successfully improved their work–life balance. Participants in this study demonstrated that an improved work–life balance is more about a mind‐set that refuses to be dominated by a work temporality and is determined to create ‘me time’ rather than e.g. simply choosing a four day week or a part‐time job. It is argued that the notion of work–life balance is more usefully conceptualized within a broader notion of ‘livingscapes’ which contain both elements of work and life and that as researchers, our challenge must be to reflect the complexity of this weave within our analyses of individuals’ work–life balance.     

从单位制到社区制:国家与社会治理空间的转换——以现代国家政权建设为视角

单位制和社区制是我国城市社会治理的两大重要模式。在现代国家政权建设过程中,从单位制到社区制的变迁,实质上是城市治理结构从全能空间向合作空间的转换,同时也是国家与社会关系的重新组合。     

论高校学生公寓管理体制改革与工作机制创新

市场经济转型的纵深发展推动了高校后勤社会化等一系列改革。学生公寓的地位由此凸现,不仅是学生日常生活与学习的重要场所,而且还是课外对学生进行思想政治工作的素质教育的重要阵地,在推动学风建设、维护校园稳定中具有特殊的作用与意义。因此,必须进行学校党委行政统一领导抓宏观、学生工作部门抓具体、院系联动抓落实、后勤企业抓物业的学生公寓管理体制改革。积极进行齐抓共管、信息畅通灵敏、应急高效快捷的工作机制创新。     

A Review of Adult Attachment Measures: Implications for Theory and Research

There has been increasing interest in adult attachment from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. Because the test of a theory is based on our ability to assess theoretical constructs, the review is organized around assessment techniques. Delineating the content, focus, assumptions, and correlates of different attachment measures highlights central issues and problems in conducting research in adult attachment. In this review, we present theoretical issues related to adult attachment, in particular, individual differences, working models, and the role of attachment in adult life. A summary of the measures commonly used in the study of adult attachment follows. The literature review is organized by measure, examining topics such as relations between childhood experiences and adult attachment status, and adult attachment and adult personality and functioning, parenting and partnership behavior. Studies which explore relations between measures are discussed before concluding with thoughts about future directions.     

关于声发射法在塑性加工中应用的研究——塑性加工界面摩擦润滑状态的分析(Ⅱ)

本文用声发射法分析了塑性加工界面摩擦润滑状态。得到了金属拉拔时,声发射事件总数与拉拔速度,断面收缩率,润滑油粘度之间的关系。从声发射参数的变化,可看出界面状态变化的情况。因此,用声发射法可对塑性加工界面上的摩擦润滑状态的变化,进行动态下实时监测,进而可为产品的加工质量监控,提供新的方法。     

高等院校科研工作量的计算标准和方法探讨

本文就科学研究课题、学术论文、科技服务、科技开发等项科技活动提出量化标准，为高校内部在科技管理工作中，考核教师或科技人员提供量化标准。     

弯掠动叶对旋转失速流场的影响

给出了弯掠动叶和径向（常规）动叶旋转失速工况下流场的实验结果，论述了这两种叶片在变工况下的性能差异以及弯掠动叶对旋转失速特征参数的影响，进行了失速前后有关试验数据的对比分析，讨论了弯掠动叶引起旋转失速流场变化的机理及对流场的改善作用．