Estimator Choice and Fisher's Paradox: A Monte Carlo Study

This paper argues that Fisher's paradox can be explained away in terms of estimator choice. We analyse by means of Monte Carlo experiments the small sample properties of a large set of estimators (including virtually all available single-equation estimators), and compute the critical values based on the empirical distributions of the t-statistics, for a variety of Data Generation Processes (DGPs), allowing for structural breaks, ARCH effects etc. We show that precisely the estimators most commonly used in the literature, namely OLS, Dynamic OLS (DOLS) and non-prewhitened FMLS, have the worst performance in small samples, and produce rejections of the Fisher hypothesis. If one employs the estimators with the most desirable properties (i.e., the smallest downward bias and the minimum shift in the distribution of the associated t-statistics), or if one uses the empirical critical values, the evidence based on US data is strongly supportive of the Fisher relation, consistently with many theoretical models.     

论悖论的自我否定本质--兼与张铁声先生商榷

悖论以否定自身为内容,自我否定是它的本质.它预设了矛盾,它所预设的矛盾是在悖论思维过程中实际发生的,因而它有真值意义.但悖论的真值是不确定的、矛盾的.通常人们肯定或否定一悖论所导致的矛盾,是该悖论思维过程中实际发生的矛盾的真实表现.矛盾是悖论思维的逻辑规律.     

Deconstructing Deconstruction from Its Birth

Deconstruction has swept the academic circle since its birth. However, this paper attempts to point out ineluctable paradoxes beyond Deconstruction's capability to resolve in terms of its birth.     

Importance of the prior mass for agreement between frequentist and Bayesian approaches in the two-sided test

We study distributional properties of generalized order statistics (gos) related by a random shift or scaling scheme in the continuous and discrete case, respectively. In the continuous case, we obtain new characterizations of distributions relating non-neighbouring gos extending some results given in the literature for the neighbouring cases. On the other hand, in the discrete case, we investigate the existence and uniqueness of a discrete parent distribution supported on the integers whose gos are related by a random translation.     

Solving the Stochastic Growth Model by Parameterizing Expectations

This article describes a method for solving the one-good stochastic growth model by parameterizing the expectations part of the stochastic Euler equation. The conditional expectation is specified as a function of the state of the system, and the parameters of that function are estimated to solve the model. The article includes a discussion of how to find the parameters of the function and determine systematically the complexity of the functional form necessary to solve the model.     

From cognitive dissonance to cognitive Polyphasia: A sociocultural approach to understanding meat‐paradox

Cognitive Dissonance Theory seeks to understand inconsistency by situating it within individual cognition. By doing so, it overlooks the role of the social context in the experience and management of inconsistency and dissonance and fails to capture the processes through which it is negotiated when it appears. On the other side, the cognitive polyphasia hypothesis together with a dialogical approach on Social Representations provide a socioculturally situated, process‐oriented understanding of inconsistency. In this paper, meat‐paradox, the phenomenon of simultaneously declaring love and respect towards animals and also consuming animals, mainly studied through Cognitive Dissonance Theory, is used in order to highlight the merits of a sociocultural approach to inconsistency. Four relevant empirical examples from interviews and focus groups with meat‐eaters and vegetarians in Cyprus are used to illustrate the approach. The examples illustrate how meat‐eaters manage dissonance in ways that exhibit coexistence of contradictory representations and ways of thinking. Three different modalities of knowledge coexistence are identified, as proposed by cognitive polyphasia researchers: displacement, selective prevalence and hybridisation. We discuss the importance of a sociocultural approach to studying paradoxes, the epistemological and methodological implications of such a theorisation and we suggest other life contexts in which such an approach can be applied.     

恩格尔定律的悖论情形及其解释

在学术界对恩格尔定律普遍达成共识,并主要关注恩格尔系数外部影响因素的背景下,本文对共识性的恩格尔定律提出悖论情形,从恩格尔定律与需求收入弹性的本质性关系出发,运用数理推导等定性定量方法对悖论情形进行了验证。然后,引入收入分解理论的份额思想,运用收入来源结构的面板数据,采用混合固定效应模型和随机效应模型,对恩格尔定律悖论情形内部机理进行分析,得出了支持恩格尔定律悖论情形的分项收入作用机制。     

解读《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》中的悖论与反讽——一种新批评的视角

作为马克·吐温的盛名之作,《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》历来受到中外论者的偏爱,而其叙事结构和语言特征更是学界争论的焦点。本文以克林斯·布鲁克斯的悖论、反讽理论为批评视角,探究了该部作品的叙事艺术。审视之下,不难发现,小说中蕴涵的悖论与反讽是营造整个文本的美学旨归。     

An approximate dual-self model and paradoxes of choice under risk

We derive a simplified version of the model of Fudenberg and Levine, 2006, Fudenberg and Levine, 2011 and show how this approximate model is useful in explaining choice under risk. We show that in the simple case of three outcomes, the model can generate indifference curves that “fan out” in the Marschak–Machina triangle, and thus can explain the well-known Allais and common ratio paradoxes that models such as prospect theory and regret theory are designed to capture. At the same time, our model is consistent with modern macroeconomic theory and evidence and generates predictions across a much wider set of domains than these models.