The residual effect of a growth-decay mechanism and the distributions of covariance structures

The product of two independent or dependent scalar normal variables, sums of products, sample covariances, and general bilinear forms are considered. Their distributions are shown to belong to a class called generalized Laplacian. A growth-decay mechanism is also shown to produce such a generalized Laplacian. Sets of necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for bilinear forms to belong to this class. As a generalization, the distributions of rectangular matrices associated with multivariate normal random vectors are also discussed.     

Middle School Children's Perceptions on Welfare and Poverty: An Exploratory, Qualitative Study

This study was undertaken to determine how middle school children assess the effects of welfare reform on their daily lives. The study consisted of thirty interviews with children and their mothers recruited from a middle school in a large, metropolitan area. From the children's perspective, multiple jobs and evening/night hours interfered with the child-parent relationship. Other consequences included grades going down and not getting to school on time. All the children stated that mothers should work, but most children felt mothers should only work when their children are in school. Welfare and poverty were issues about which children were teased at school.     

两大法系关于环境犯罪立法之比较

两大法系关于环境犯罪都有不少立法 ,但存在一定差异。在环境犯罪的罪过形式上 ,英美法系认为环境犯罪的认定需有故意和过失 ;而大陆法系则采用罪过原则认定环境犯罪。在犯罪行为上 ,作为犯罪是两大法系立法的基本情形 ,不作为犯罪是两大法系立法的例外情形。在刑罚执行上 ,两大法系对刑罚方法的运用各有特点     

中国京剧与欧洲歌剧之比较

文章从戏剧的起始源头、发展脉络对中国京剧与欧洲歌剧作了比较。接着 ,又从分析中国与西方的政治体制、民族性、哲学思想与科技发展水平的差异入手 ,对中国京剧的写意风格和以演员表演为中心、欧洲歌剧的写实风格和以音乐为中心的美学特点作了阐述和比较。     

试论「～と会う」和「～に会う」的用法和区别

在学习和运用日语过程中 ,格助词是比较难以准确掌握和运用的 ,人们往往习惯从格助词本身去分析其语法功能。从动词词义决定其格助词在句子中的构式的角度看 ,格助词 [と ]表示行为动作的共同主体 ,格助词[に ]表示行为动作的承受者。进一步说 [～と会う ]所表达的这一 [会う ]的行为动作是双方共同的行为动作。[～に会う ]所表达的这一 [会う ]的行为动作是单方面的行为动作 ,另一方是这一行为动作的承受者     

林庚白对宋诗派理论的反思与改造及其古典诗歌创作观

林庚白是南社的重要作家之一,研究近代文学的学人往往简单地视林庚白为宋诗派成员,但事实上宋诗不能涵盖林氏一生诗歌的情感内容和艺术风貌。从早年对同光体的追慕到后来对宋诗派的反叛和超越,林庚白对同光体宋诗派理论的内省与改造体现在藉诗写史的自觉性,情绪与情感的现代性以及以社会主义者之身世与怀抱而为诗三个方面,为传统诗词创作注入了新的精神　　气质和思想内涵。其五四以后的诗作也显示了旧体形式的诗歌在主动顺应历史潮流,渗入时代精神的条件下的内在生命力和创作实绩,不应为近现代文学研究所忽视。     

网上的西欧政党

20世纪90年代以后，互联网在全球迅速普及，对西欧政党产生了重要的影响。为适应自身发展的需要，获得更多选民的支持，西欧各国政党纷纷上网。他们竞相在网上开展各项活动。主要包括提供信息、网上竞选、政治参与和组织建设，并取得了一定的成效。但是，受到数字鸿沟、政党实力、政党利益、党员和选民态度的影响，西欧政党的网上潜能没有得到充分地发挥，政党的网上效力有待于进一步提高。     

'Polyphonic' welfare: Luhmann's systems theory applied to modern social work

This article applies a series of concepts from Niklas Luhmann's systems theory in an analysis of modern welfare organisations. The point of departure is that social help in late modern welfare states has become 'polycentric' in that 'help' is today being defined by various different agents: public, voluntary and private care providers. Empirically, this article investigates re-housing work with homeless people, a kind of social work which involves several different welfare organisations. The case study shows how these organisations define themselves by making internal constructions of their surroundings, and how their self-enclosed nature creates a certain 'insensitivity' towards one another. How to coordinate and translate within this 'polyphony' of incomparable observations and values represents a major managerial challenge for present-day social workers.     

南京国民政府时期南洋侨教政策负面影响述评

由于历史和现实的缘故，国民政府十分关注海外华侨尤其南洋华侨的教育，形成了比较完善的华侨教育体系，学校和学生数量呈上升趋势，学生素质也不断提高。然而由于国民政府侨教政策自身固有的弊病，给南洋侨教带来了相当的消极作用，限制了南洋侨教事业的进一步发展。     

中日菜名音节构造模式差异之比较研究

中式菜肴的命名在音节方面具有一些特征,并有一定的规律可循,日式菜肴的命名同样如此。中日菜名在音节构造模式上有各自的特点和规律。