Gauging the Acceptability of HIV Vaccines: An Exploratory Study Examining Knowledge,Attitudes, and Beliefs Among Injecting Drug Users in Viet Nam

ABSTRACT

In contrast to other countries in Southeast Asia, the HIV/ AIDS epidemic is in the initial stages in Viet Nam, although the rates have increased notably since 1997. This study examined attitudes towards the use of an HIV vaccine (when one becomes available) as a means for preventing the disease. Since injecting drug users are the great majority of those affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Viet Nam, two focus groups (n = 18) were conducted among this population to identify potential barriers and incentives for HIV vaccination. Most were willing to be vaccinated if an HIV vaccine were available. Although there were some concerns about side effects, financial costs, and stigmatization, the benefits were seen to outweigh the risks. The findings may help governments better understand the potential demand for this type of vaccine and design social marketing campaigns for post-trial HIV vaccine dissemination in order to maximize potential uptake of an HIV vaccine.     

The Culture of High-Risk Alcohol Use Among Club and Intramural Athletes

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the drinking patterns of club and intramural college athletes and compare their alcohol consumption, perceived norms around the excessive use of alcohol, experience of negative consequences, and employment of protective strategies with those of campus varsity athletes. Participants: A total of 442 undergraduate students attending a private, suburban institution in the Northeast participated in the American College Health Association National College Health Assessment-II Web survey in spring 2011. Thirty-five students identified themselves as varsity athletes, 76 identified as club sport athletes, and 196 students identified themselves as intramural athletes. Methods: Survey responses were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The Pearson's correlation coefficient and test for independence were applied to identify significant relationships between athlete status and identified variables related to alcohol use. Results: Results indicated that there were significant correlations between athlete status and all variables, to varying degrees. Conclusions: These findings have implications for campus health promotion professionals and athletics program coordinators seeking to address high-risk alcohol use among college athletes.     

辅导员助理制度在大学新生教育管理工作中的探索与实践

面对高校在校生人数持续上升、专职辅导员人数严重不足的情况,运用高年级优秀学生的自身优势,参与对低年级尤其是新生的教育管理,一方面可以提升高年级优秀学生的管理素质;另一方面利用他们之间年龄、兴趣、成长阶段的相似性,达到对学生更好的沟通和管理。     

试论高校教学档案的管理与利用

文章针对在高校档案管理工作中,如何加强教学档案的管理工作,归纳了归档范围,提出了加强档案管理与利用的可行措施。充分发挥教学档案信息资源的开发利用,更好地为教育教学服务。     

岷江上游干旱河谷区生态屏障体系建设研究

岷江流域是长江上游重要的支流,其生态地位特别重要,本文分析了岷江上游地区面临的基本生态问题,提出了岷江上游地区生态屏障体系建设的原则、依据与目标,根据岷江上游区域生态系统的空间特征、生态敏感性和生态系统服务功能,将该区域划分为三个生态功能区并确立了森林牧草、水域湿地、农田作物等生态屏障建设重点内容,切实有效维护该区域的生态经济可持续发展和资源环境的有效保护。     

人民币加入ＳＤＲ 预期对其国际化的影响

一国货币的国际化程度主要体现在其国际影响力及对国际主要国家货币汇率波动的反应程度。人民币纳入ＳＤＲ 货币篮子将会改变人民币在国际货币金融体系中的地位与作用,从而影响人民币国际化程度。基于２０１５ 年８ 月１１ 日至２０１６ 年３ 月１６ 日的样本区间数据,通过构建ＶＡＲ模型实证检验人民币加入ＳＤＲ 预期因素对人民币国际化程度的影响。结果发现：第一,人民币加入ＳＤＲ 预期能够提升人民币在国际货币金融体系中的影响力,尤其是人民币对美元的影响力将大大增加,但是其对世界其他主要货币的影响力仍显不足;第二,样本区间内,人民币自由化程度并没有提升,因为人民币汇率并没有随着世界主要货币汇率的波动而有所变化。     

How Employed Mothers in Australia Find Time for Both Market Work and Childcare

Time use studies find that employed mothers reduce their parental childcare time by much less than an hour for every hour they spend in market work. This paper uses data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics Time Use Survey 1997 (4,059 randomly selected households) to investigate how employed mothers manage to avoid a one-for-one trade-off between work and childcare. It compares the time allocation of employed fathers, employed mothers and non-employed mothers and finds that parents use non-parental childcare to reschedule as well as to replace their own childcare, that employed mothers reschedule activities from weekdays to weekends or to earlier or later in the day, and spend less time than other mothers in housework, childfree leisure and personal care.

Assessing the effects of land use and land cover patterns on thermal conditions using landscape metrics in city of Indianapolis,United States

Direct applications of remote sensing thermal infrared (TIR) data in landscape ecological research are rare due to limitations in the sensors, calibration, and difficulty in interpretation. Currently there is a general lack of methodology for examining the relationship between land surface temperatures (LST) derived from TIR data and landscape patterns extracted from optical sensors. A separation of landscapes into values directly related to their scale and signature is a key step. In this study, a Landsat ETM+ image of Indianapolis, Unites States, acquired on June 22, 2000, was spectrally unmixed (using spectral mixture analysis, SMA) into fraction endmembers of green vegetation, soil, high albedo, and low albedo. Impervious surface was then computed from the high and low albedo images. A hybrid classification procedure was developed to classify the fraction images into seven land use and land cover (LULC) classes. Using the fractional images, the landscape composition and pattern were examined. Next, pixel-based LST measurements were correlated with the landscape fractional components to investigate LULC based relationships between LST and impervious surface and green vegetation fractions. An examination of the relationship between the LULC and LST maps with landscape metrics was finally conducted to deepen understanding of their interactions. Results indicate that SMA-derived fraction images were effective for quantifying the urban morphology and for providing reliable measurements of biophysical variables. LST was found to be positively correlated with impervious surface fraction but negatively correlated with green vegetation fraction. Each temperature zone was associated with a dominant LULC category. Further research should be directed to the theoretical and applied implications of describing such relationships between LULC patterns and urban thermal conditions.

字母词在当代汉语中使用状况的分析

随着科学技术的迅猛发展以及国际交流的日益加深,加之互联网的促动,当代汉语与外语特别是英语的接触进入了前所未有的深广阶段。当代汉语中出现了大量的字母词。字母词是一个原型概念,根据字母词的概念原型,求证出字母词的4个形式指标,由此我们可以得出字母词的15种基本形式。外文原词不具有字母词的任何形式指标,不是字母词。六百万字样本语料库共出现字母词6068词次;平均每种报纸每天出现144.48词次字母词。新闻语体中字母词的平均使用密度为0.711。科技领域的使用密度最高,其次是教育领域;再次是经济领域,军事领域和政法领域使用密度最低。字母词的使用密度和文章领域相关,和地域及报纸性质不相关。     

试论劳动价值与效用价值的数量关系

劳动价值论和效用价值论是关于价值决定的两个最具代表性的理论,一般认为二者是互不相容的。文章从不易产生歧义的“使用价值”概念出发,把自然界和人类劳动对价值的贡献区别开来,进一步澄清了价值相关概念,并发现劳动价值与人工效用在数量上总是相等的。如果把劳动价值论和效用价值论融合起来,价值决定理论可能更为完整。