抗战时期西部少数民族文化教育的发展

抗战时期,随着沿海与内地大批高校和有关文化机构的西迁,同时由于国民政府采取了一些推进边疆少数民族教育的举措,处在抗战大后方的西部少数民族的文化教育获得了前所未有的发展进步.但由于国民政府在推行民族教育的政策和方法方面存在着严重脱离实际等诸多问题,导致其预设的目标未有也不可能完全实现.     

Social change and nationalism in China's popular songs

ABSTRACT

The unveiling of memorials to those who fell in the First World War were highly solemn, dramatic and emotional events. Yet, while much attention has been given by historians to memorials and the purposes behind memorialisation, there has been less discussion of just how the feelings of the public were stimulated and provoked. Most accounts concentrate on the aesthetics and symbolism of the monuments themselves, and the speeches given by the officiating parties and individuals at unveilings. In doing so, however, they miss what was perhaps the most important emotional aspect of these ceremonies: music. This article argues that non-verbal sounds best expressed the raw emotions of the occasions and, in doing so, gave them their power and significance in establishing the mood of the moment and the public’s attachment to the memorials. Examining the major city memorials of Scotland as well as the National Memorial at Edinburgh Castle, it focuses on the significance of the bagpipes and Scotland’s most famous lament, ‘The Flowers of the Forest’, in providing the emotional high points of the ceremonies.     

Book Reviews

Residents of the Isle of Man have long sought to retain close social, cultural and economic ties with Great Britain while simultaneously stressing their own distinctive national identity. The manner by which the Manx have commemorated their participation in the Second World War is indicative of this tension. This article argues that one means by which a distinctive Manx identity has been retained is by highlighting subtle differences from supposedly common experiences in British and Manx history through how they have been commemorated. Thus, in their treatment of the internment of ‘enemy aliens’ on the Isle of Man during the Second World War, Manx heritage sites and commemorative practices have incorporated an element of home front experience that is marginalized and deliberately ignored in the United Kingdom.     

抗日战争时期陕甘宁边区的新乡村建设

抗战时期陕甘宁边区对乡村社会进行了全面的改革和建设,边区乡村社会发生了巨大的变化：旧的社会陋习被新的社会风俗所取代;乡村社会保障系统初步建立;＂二流子＂得到全面改造。边区的新乡村建设取得了成功,对新时期的新农村建设可提供经验教训和参考。     

太平洋战争爆发前美国对外援助与美国军备建设

从1937年中国全面抗战到太平洋战争爆发这段时间里，美国基于其国家安全利益的考虑，对各反法西斯国家进行了不同程度的援助。随着战争进程的发展，大体经历了三个阶段：即由最初的有限援助到初步推行租借援助，再到租借援助规模的扩大直至定型。其间，美国军备的建设也呈一个加速度的模式进行，这为盟军取得反法西斯战争的胜利奠定了坚实的经济、军备基础。     

Imagining Sevastopol: history and postwar community construction, 1942–1953

By exploring the reconstruction of the city of Sevastopol after the Second World War and the memorialisation that accompanied this process, this article seeks to examine the identities embedded into this process, particularly the relationship between local and Soviet identities.     

朝鲜战争与东北亚格局

东北亚的钥匙是朝鲜半岛,谁掌握了朝鲜半岛,谁就掌握了东北亚地区。朝鲜半岛局势每一次大的变化,无不影响到东北亚格局的变迁,而东北亚格局的演变,也必然左右着朝鲜半岛局势的发展。朝鲜战争的爆发与结束正是这种相互关系的最好诠释。在一定程度上而言,朝鲜战争是东北亚格局演变的结果,而战争的爆发与结束又促进了东北亚格局的重建。     

Japanese invasion,war preparation,relief, rehabilitation,compensation and ‘state-making’ in an imperial frontier (1939–1955)

ABSTRACT

This paper looks at the history of state-making in an entangled imperial frontier. The northeastern frontier of British India was a mosaic of princely states, administered and un-administered territories. The presence of the colonial state in the region was contentious, marked by violence on one hand and philanthropy on the other. The Japanese invasion of the region during World War Two had several unintended ramifications. Wartime and post-war developments produced institutions and social experiences which facilitated the process of state-making in the region. Relief and Rehabilitation project of the colonial state, and later distribution of monetary compensation was not merely governed by moral or legal obligations but was part of a larger project of imperialist reconquest in Asia after the surrender of the Japanese with Manipur and Naga Hills as the base. This project also provided the postcolonial Indian state with institutions to continue the process of state-making of its own.     

抗日战争后期大后方的学生从军运动

1943年后，国民政府为适应中国驻印军和中国远征军征补高素质兵员及提高国内兵员、干部素质等需要，在大后方发动了大规模的学生从军运动。该运动发端于四川省三台县，随后迅速遍及大后方各地。运动中大批青年学生志愿参军，对提振大后方民众抗战情绪、转变国统区政治风向和社会风气，以及推动十万知识分子从军运动的兴起和提高国统区军队素质等都曾产生重大影响。