也论刑法规范的概念

刑法规范是刑法制度的“基本粒子”。其概念的理解是刑法学一般理论的关键。理论上对刑法规范的概念有行为规范论、社会规范论、罪刑规范论、刑罚规范包含论、二重规范论、三重规范论、多层次定义论诸多定义，应该说罪刑规范论比较科学合理。所谓刑法规范．是由立法机关制定，为人们在面对某些重大事项时应如何行动提供准则，为司法人员认定犯罪和追究刑事责任提供指南的一种法律规范。     

民法典的规范配置--以对我国《合同法》规范配置的反思为中心

中国正在进行民法典的起草工作,妥当地配置不同类型的民事法律规范,是我国能够制定一部优秀民法典的一项基本条件。通过对《合同法》中任意性规范、倡导性规范、授权第三人的法律规范、强行性规范以及混合性规范等配置的反思,为我国民法典的起草提供些许建议。     

Whistle blowing and research integrity: Potential remedy for research misconduct in Malaysian institutions of higher education

This study found that less than half of the respondents are willing to blow the whistle. The results reveal that a lack of protection with regard to the whistleblower’s identity, the tedious investigative process, and the notion of avoiding confrontation, which is more apparent in Asian cultures as compared to the West, are among the reasons why individuals who witnessed misconduct chose to remain silent. Adhering to the Asian cultural upbringing where the young must respect the old, those of lower rank must obey those with higher authority, and subordinates do not question the actions of their superior, has become a norm even in the working environment. Therefore, emphasize the need for better protection for whistleblowers including using experienced individuals with a research ethics background to handle allegations from whistleblowers. In addition, established guidelines and procedures for whistleblowers with regard to voicing their allegations against colleagues engaged in research misconduct is still lacking or, to a certain extent, is still unknown to researchers. Thus, the concern indicates a need for institutions to create awareness among researchers regarding the existing platform for whistleblowers, or to develop a systematic and clear procedure which is reliable and independent to promote professionalism in academia.     

Collectivism and reporting of organizational wrongdoing in public organizations: the case of county administration in Kenya

This paper explores dimensions of collectivism to explain patterns of reporting organizational wrongdoing in public organizations. The findings herein illustrate that responses to wrongdoing in public organizations in developing countries like Kenya are more rationalized or interpreted within communitarian or supported by parochial social ideologies, which tend to override instrumental accountability norms and structures. Accordingly, responses towards organizational wrongdoing are more informed by the logic of appropriateness, as potential and actual complainants prefer informal channels for addressing organizational wrongdoing over formal reporting mechanisms. These findings present important insights for designing accountability mechanisms or anti-corruption strategies in public organizations. With a focus on unfamiliar settings to the literature on ethical culture, the paper rides on its in-depth analysis while contributing to the current research on organizational behavior and decision-making.     

Campus politics,student societies and social media

The university campus has often been seen as an important site for the politicization of young people. Recent explanations for this have focused attention upon the role of the student union as a means to enable a ‘critical mass’ of previously isolated individuals to produce social networks of common interest. What is missing from these accounts, however, and what this article seeks to address, is how these factors actually facilitate the development of political norms and the active engagement of many students. Drawing upon qualitative data from three countries we argue that it is the milieu of the smaller student societies that are crucial for facilitating the habitus of the student citizen. They provide the space for creative development and performance of the political self, affiliations to particular fields and access to cultural and social capital. Moreover, we contend that these processes of politicization are increasingly enacted through social media networks that foreground their importance for developing political habitus in the future.     

Visually Assessing the First Lady in a Digital Age: A Study of Michelle Obama as Portrayed by Journalists and the White House

In a digital age in which the First Lady’s image is captured and disseminated by many different outlets, this article proposes the development of a coding instrument using Goffman’s (1979) gender displays as a new method for exploring the visual frames of the First Lady. Given the manner in which photographs are disseminated via the Internet by both official and journalistic sources, this new coding instrument takes into consideration the different vantage points that these image capturers have. Until recently, visual gender display frames of the First Lady from differing outlets have not been easily studied separately, given the fact that images disseminated by the White House had to go through the journalistic gate prior to dispersion. Ultimately, the study of photos of the First Lady as she appears in the “media” was mixed and confounded journalistic and official framing. The Internet has changed all of this and opens opportunities to study these framing sources separately. As a test of a new coding instrument to study these different framing sources, this article assesses Michelle Obama in her gender portrayal from two different framing sources: journalists and the White House. This visual content analysis demonstrates and supports the use of a new context-independent coding instrument, borrowing from Goffman’s gender displays as a method for visually studying the First Lady.     

我国担保行业的发展态势及其下一步

我国商业担保业务经历了1992年起的探索起步阶段、20世纪末的规范试点及推广阶段。进入21世纪后,担保业务特别是针对中小企业担保业务已经步入体系比较完善阶段。然而,由于我国的担保业是一个与中小企业融资状况紧密联系的新兴行业,造成担保公司发展不规范,社会责任缺失,逐利为本,加重中小企业的负担,加之自身运作管理不规范,扰乱社会主义金融市场秩序。分析研究我国商业担保行业存在的主要问题,有利于从法律规范、行业监督、信用建设等方面进行规范管理、健康引导。     

翻译模因论在外宣材料汉译英中的应用

外宣翻译的目的是通过外国受众喜闻乐见的方式,准确地传达对外宣传的信息。文章运用翻译模因论,分析外宣翻译的特点及其期待规范,重点深讨翻译模因论关照下的外宣材料翻译策略模因,旨在强化对外经济文化交流的效果。     

When Is It Okay to Exclude a Member of the Ingroup? Children's and Adolescents’ Social Reasoning

Social exclusion of those who challenge group norms was investigated by asking children and adolescents, adolescents, age 9–13 years (N = 381), to evaluate exclusion of group members who deviated from group norms. Testing predictions from social reasoning developmental theories of group‐based exclusion, children and adolescents evaluated exclusion based on group norms involving allocation of resources and group traditions about dress code. Exclusion of deviant members was viewed as increasingly wrong with age, but also varied by the type of norm the deviant challenged. Participants who reported disliking a deviant member who wanted to distribute money unequally also found it acceptable to exclude them. Those who disliked deviants who went against norms about dress codes did not think exclusion was warranted. These findings are discussed in the context of children's social‐cognitive development regarding peer rejection as well as the role played by moral judgment and group dynamics.     

规范操控下的中国近代小说翻译

翻译是一种语言活动,也是一种社会和跨文化交际活动。翻译中各项活动,如文本的选择、翻译策略的运用、译作的推出等均受到社会、文化等外部因素的制约和规范。文章借助图里的翻译规范理论,考查和探讨中国近代特定社会文化环境对中国近代小说翻译活动的规范情形,对中国近代小说翻译进行描述性分析,重新审视这段颇有争议的翻译史。