Food: Sustenance and Symbol

Abstract

College students often delay or avoid seeking testing for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), even if the services are readily available. We used in-depth, semistructured interviews to survey 41 college students aged 18 to 23 years about factors that influence decisions about STI testing. We grouped statements into 9 themes that represent influences on the decision. The most frequently mentioned factors were negative consequences of testing and perceived vulnerability to infection; other issues that influenced decision making included perceived benefits, perceived severity of diseases, public knowledge and opinion, social norms, provider characteristics, test-site characteristics, and personal considerations. Social stigmas and negative consequences appear to represent significant barriers to college students' being tested, which could increase the risk of spreading infections to others. Clinicians and health educators should raise students' awareness of the need for screening and should work to reduce the barriers to screening, including social stigmas and negative consequences.     

Perceived Norms and Alcohol Consumption: Differences Between College Students From Rural and Urban High Schools

Objective: The authors examined perceived norms and drinking among college students who attended high schools in rural and urban communities. Participants and Methods: Undergraduates (99 men and 85 women) who attended high schools in communities with populations ranging from less than 100 to more than 400,000 completed surveys assessing perceived norms and alcohol consumption. Results: Analyses revealed that students from smaller towns and in smaller high school graduating classes reported heavier drinking and that perceived norms were positively associated with drinking. Perceived norms were unrelated to population variables, and the relationship between perceived norms and drinking did not vary as a function of population variables. Results suggest that differences in drinking as a function of coming from more rural areas contribute to drinking behavior in college independently of perceived norms. Conclusions: College students may adjust to campus drinking norms relatively quickly, and longitudinal research would be useful in understanding this transition.     

Social Norms Theory-Based Interventions: Testing the Feasibility of a Purported Mechanism of Action

Social norms-based interventions targeting college student drinking behaviors have become increasingly popular. Such interventions purportedly modify student misperceptions of fellow student drinking behaviors, which leads to changes in individual drinking behavior. Despite claims of successful interventions, research demonstrating that social norms-based interventions modify student perceptions is lacking. Objective: The authors conducted a laboratory experiment examining the feasibility of this mechanism of action and aimed to determine the validity of the campus-specific drinking norms hypothesis. Participants and Methods: The authors randomly assigned 60 students to 1 of 3 research conditions: Alcohol 101 (national drinking norms), a didactic presentation of campus specific drinking norms, or a control condition. Results: Both intervention groups modified student misperceptions regarding peer alcohol use, and these changes were sustained 1 week later. Conclusions: Social norms-based interventions can contribute to more accurate drinking perceptions among college students.     

Unbecoming blackness: the diaspora cultures of Afro-Cuban America

This paper addresses the relationship between ageing, gender, cultural norms, and the constitution of gendered body-subjects. It briefly discusses three conceptual approaches which have been used to understand ageing, gendered body-subjects: postmodernist/social constructionist, psychoanalytic, and poststructuralist feminist. It is argued that the first two approaches are entrenched in dualistic modes of thinking, and therefore can never construct ageing gendered body subjects as other than through the dualistic discourse of decline and cultural devaluation in Western consumer cultures. The third, however, appears to hold some promise for a more just and flexible way of accounting for the integrity of, and culturally valuing, the gendered body-subject in old age. Examples from writings on dance are used to illustrate this argument.     

电子文献资源的稳定性与权威性研究——以史学写作为例

电子资源具有使用设备和技术更新换代快、存储和阅读性能不稳定的特点。虽然电子资源有不少优点．但用于史学写作时一定要加以甄别。其学术参考价值取决于发行人、制作技术、流通途径、载体和格式。历史学电子文献引证标注参考有不同标准,具体问题需具体对待,慎重参考和引证电子文献。有些来源自网络的电子文献无需标注网址,需要引用网址的电子公报最好截图保存,以防止下次无法访问。我国与西方在历史学电子文献方面有差距,仍有巨大发展空间,主要表现在史学电子文献开发程度和使用的普及程度低。     

从规范理论视角看林译《撒克逊劫后英雄略》的本土化

翻译是一种语言活动,也是一种社会文化活动,因此翻译必定会受到社会文化规范的约束,林纾的翻译亦是如此。文章主要采用描述性翻译研究方法,旨在运用图里的规范理论来分析《撒克逊劫后英雄略》翻译过程中的本土化倾向,阐述译文中女性外貌、景物、名词的本土化倾向。     

微信公共领域里的失范行为及其法治规范建设

从哈贝马斯公共领域理论出发,提出了微信群与微信公众号已经初步形成了公共领域这一观点,并主要介绍了围绕微信公共领域的社交功能、自媒体传播功能和商业贸易平台功能而产生的失范行为。依法规范微信公共领域,可以从完善依法管理微信公共领域、依法运营微信公共领域、依法使用微信公共领域三个有机联系层面的法治规范展开。     

法经济学基础理论的新发展——以芝加哥法经济学派为中心

芝加哥法经济学派在法经济学发展过程中占据着举足轻重的地位.从近年法经济学的发展看,芝加哥法经济学派重新认识功利主义和法经济学的关系,阐释法经济学的理论起点和法理基础是功利主义.而实证研究方法的深入推进为法经济学关注行为法经济学和社会规范等新内容奠定了方法论基础.伴随着法经济学的研究内容日趋多元化,对行为法经济学和对法与社会规范的研究成为法经济学研究内容的重要组成部分.芝加哥法经济学派的发展呈现出前沿性、系统性和针对性的特征.     

对我国律师职业规范的几点质疑

《律师法》及《律师职业道德和执业纪律规范》中关于律师执业必须“以事实为根据”、“不得提供虚假证据 ,隐瞒事实”、“不得违反规定会见法官”、“应坚持原则 ,维护法律与社会正义”等观点值得质疑。笔者认为 :律师执业必须以证据为根据 ;不提供虚假证据不能作为律师特有的职业规范 ,律师应当隐瞒不利于当事人的事实 ;律师违反规定会见法官 ,是因为在实践中缺乏配套制度 ;关于律师在执业中坚持原则 ,维护国家法律与社会正义的规定缺乏科学性     

整饬学术规范，反对学术腐败——《自然辩证法通讯》“学术规范与学风建设”专栏讨论综述

《自然辩证法通讯》杂志社2000—2001年组织的“学术规范和学风建设”大讨论,发表了对我国学术失范和学术腐败的现象、根源和具体防治措施等各种观点。随着学术规范大讨论的进一步深入,学术共同体内部深层的理论矛盾如学术规范讨论中的“反身性”问题,科学的价值规范矛盾问题以及科学共同体的自足性问题等等逐渐暴露出来,学术失范和学术腐败既是学术共同体内部理论矛盾的结果,同时也是学术失范和学术腐败孳生的原因,因此整饬学术规范,反对学术腐败应该从学术价值和学术规范的重构入手。