宪法的本质与宪法规范的价值定位

从本质上讲,宪法体现的是一种控制权力的理念,但控制权力并不是宪法的根本目的,其根本目的是为了更好的保障公民权利.宪法规范必须以控制权力和保障权利为宗旨,合理安排好国家权力与公民权利、公民权利与公民义务和国家权力与国家权力之间的价值关系,最终通过对宪法规范的价值定位,来实现我国宪法的价值转变.     

Exposition to xenophobic content and support for right-wing populism: The asymmetric role of gender

This paper studies whether exposure to anti-immigrant sentiment in the online context affects the willingness to support an openly anti-immigration party, and shows how gender moderates the effect. We designed an online experiment in which participants were invited to an online forum to discuss immigration issues. We manipulate the social acceptability of xenophobic views by exposing participants to an increasing proportion of comments with anti-immigrant content. As a proxy for open support for anti-immigrant policies, we ask participants to donate to a well-known German party with a strong anti-immigration discourse: Alternative für Deutschland (Alternative for Germany). We find no evidence that exposure to increasing social acceptability of xenophobic content affected the willingness to donate. In an exploratory analysis, we find that women are particularly reluctant to donate after the anti-immigrant comments raised normative concerns. The results can shed light on the heterogeneous effect of counter-normative discourses on support for anti-immigrant parties.     

社会规范的形成与运作——以合作为视角

秩序的萌发、形成与维系并非完全以法律为依托,对其理解应摆脱法律中心主义的观念。社会规范在前政府时代社会秩序维持中起着重要的作用。博弈论和信号传递理论为理解社会规范的出现和运作提供了一个更加清晰的视角,同时也为社会规范的弱点及法律的功能提供了一个较为有力的解说。     

Polycentric structure and informal norms: competition and coordination within the scientific community

The success of the scientific community challenges in many ways our theories of social cooperation and public goods production. It is a very large-scale, decentralized, international organization lacking any central management or a formalized legislative or rule-enforcement body. Even the entry/exclusion rules are lax and unclear. By many standards it should not work. But, instead, it is one of the most successful human endeavors of all time. This paper provides an updated institutionalist theory of how this community works, with an extended discussion of its informal norms, prestige mechanisms, decentralized resource allocation, and interactions with states and civil society. Second, the paper discusses the ways in which the scientific community can fail at its truth-seeking task as a result of distortions created by outside political pressure and interactions with self-interested funding sources arguing that, as long as the polycentric structure is kept in place and the informal norms are preserved, the distortions are likely to be minor.     

Service gratuities and tipping: A motivational framework

In many countries around the world, consumers leave voluntary payments of money (called “tips”) to service workers who have served them. Since tips are an expense that consumers are free to avoid, tipping is an anomalous behavior that many economists regard as “irrational” or “mysterious”. In this paper, I present a motivational framework that offers plausible explanations for: (1) why people tip, (2) how tipping norms came into existence and evolve over time, (3) why tipping varies across individuals and situations, (4) why tipping is more common for some occupations than others, and (5) why tipping varies across nations. Many hypotheses generated from this framework are supported by existing research, but many other implications of the framework have yet to be adequately tested. Thus, the framework provides a promising and much needed theoretical guide for future research on a fascinating consumer behavior.     

行政规划法视野下的不确定法律概念研究

不确定概念研究总体上逐渐引人重视,不过研究还仅仅局限在对整体理论的构造上,对部门法中的不确定概念研究不足,行政规划中的不确定概念就更少有人关注。不确定概念在规划理论中应为思考前提,其与一般意义上的不确定概念在模糊性和实践性上有共通之处,其理论特殊性在于更高的应用概率与更明显的层级性;其与法律构成要件也具有特殊关系,即特殊的法律规范结构才是理论个性的生长土壤。     

An experimental investigation into perceptions of disrespect during interpersonal conflict

Perceptions of disrespect are central to everyday life. Despite the importance of disrespect across various social arenas, prior research has failed to empirically examine the factors influencing these perceptions. This problem is magnified when considering that perceptions or disrespect may vary across individuals and social situations alike. Drawing from theories of social geometry and symbolic interaction, this study examines the individual and situational characteristics that inform perceptions of disrespect. Using factorial vignettes, and a large sample of students, respondents were asked to assess actors in various conflicts. Results from a series of hierarchical linear models show that perceptions of disrespect vary across individuals. The content of situations appears to drive perceptions of disrespect more than individual characteristics. Implications for future research on disrespect are discussed.     

The Curious Case of Self‐Interest: Inconsistent Effects and Ambivalence toward a Widely Accepted Construct

Self‐interest is widely accepted as a powerful motivator by both academics and laypeople alike. However, research surrounding the self‐interest motive paints a complicated picture of this most important psychological construct. Additionally, research on the social desirability of self‐interest has revealed that despite its widespread acceptance, people do not readily accept that self‐interest drives their own behaviors. This paper reviews the literature on self‐interest and reveals several curious features surrounding its actual effect on helping behaviors, political attitudes and voting, and people's apparent ambivalence toward self‐interest as a motive. It is possible that norms against the expression of self‐interestedness evolved, creating ambivalence towards this widely accepted construct, subsequently affecting its expression on many human behaviors.     

描述翻译学概述及其发展趋势

描述翻译学以目的语文化为导向,以研究操纵翻译行为的规范为核心,自20世纪70年代兴起以来对翻译研究的范式产生了重大影响。以色列学者图里1980年出版了《翻译理论探索》,并于1995年推出新版,其中的＂翻译规范＂概念一直是描述翻译学的研究重点,而＂伪翻译与假称翻译＂的例子则诠释了翻译规范的作用效度。90年代初,以巴斯内特为代表的翻译研究的文化学派,采用＂文化研究模式＂掀起了一场＂文化转向＂运动,将描述翻译学研究推入一个新阶段。针对发展过程中显现的一些不足,从20世纪90年代后期至21世纪初,描述翻译学研究越来越多地结合社会学因素,从跨学科的角度重新思考译者的主体性问题以及翻译规范概念。     

“当代西方翻译理论”新解

“当代西方翻译理论”作为一个概念被译学界提出的时间并不长,即使如此,译学界还是对其起始时间至少存有三种表述：“当代西方翻译理论”或始于20世纪初,或始于二战后,或始于二十世纪五六十年代。此外,译学界对与之有关的“现代”和“当代”之间的关系也存有三种不同的看法：要么把“现代”和“当代”等同起来看;要么绝口不提“当代”,只提“现代”;要么将“现代”和“当代”区别对待。因此,分析和厘定上述问题,并以此为据提出将“当代西方翻译理论”视为一个动态概念的观点,即“当代西方翻译理论”是指近十年来的西方翻译理论,无疑将有助于加深人们对“当代西方翻译理论”的认知和了解。