生命周期视角下的金字塔底层创新策略选择:一个多案例研究

金字塔底层(BoP)群体意指与全球化经济相脱离、未能分享经济成长成果的低收入群体,群体中蕴含着大量未被运用的人力资源和其他资本。如果BoP群体中的这些资源能够被企业有效利用,一方面可以帮助BoP群体提高收入,摆脱贫困,另一方面可以帮助企业获得难以模仿的资源优势和效率优势。由于BoP群体在能力特征、认知特征及所处的外部环境方面与成熟经济中的其他群体有很大区别,企业以BoP群体作为资源提供者时会面临一些特定的挑战。这些挑战与企业所处的生命周期阶段相关,不同发展阶段的企业所关注的商业挑战重点不同,从而导致企业在不同的发展阶段需要采用不同的创新策略。因此,本文运用多案例研究方法对BoP群体作为资源提供者的企业进行研究,分析其在不同发展阶段面临的商业挑战,并针对不同商业挑战制定出相应的创新策略,帮助开展BoP群体作为资源提供者的商业活动,以真正解决贫困问题。     

损失厌恶对金融市场的作用机理探究

行为金融理论认为投资者具有损失厌恶特征,面对损失时,投资者表现出风险喜好,而面对盈利又会变得风险厌恶。而计算实验金融模型研究表明：损失厌恶投资者的存在不仅能够提高市场收益,减弱市场波动,还能有效降低价格与基础价值的偏离程度,从而提高市场质量。因此,深入研究投资者的损失厌恶特征在金融市场中的作用机理对于市场监管、资产定价和风险管理具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

期望状态与地位等级秩序的维持

社会地位的等级系统具有超强稳定性。人们在日常交往中主动建构地位等级,并维持着这种不平等的秩序。期望状态论认为,互动参与者绩效期望的不同导致了他们之间的地位分化以及体现此分化的互动行为差异。地位特征、社会回报和行为互换模式是影响期望形成与改变的主要因素。期望状态研究方案指导下的诸分支观点对各类不平等现象进行的一般性解释,增进了我们对广义不平等产生和再生产的理解,为谋求减少不平等的策略提供重要思路。     

Reflections on rational choice—The existence of systematic irrationality

The behavioral challenge to the rational choice paradigm is oriented toward individual decision-making. Behavioral irrationality does not mean chaos. Most irrational behavior involves the exercise of reasoning. In reality, decision makers do not behave with full knowledge and/or optimal computational power in pursuit of maximizing expected utility. Besides reviewing critiques to the rationality paradigm for judgments and preferences and exploring the impact of culture on people's economic behavior, this paper is the first to call the attention of researchers to the phenomenon of systemic irrationality. Irrationality may exist at the aggregate or societal level, a conclusion based on the observation that large segments of the population are incapable of making decisions in accord with traditional rationality—groups such as those who have a psychiatric disorder, those who are taking medications, those with limited intelligence, those from the lower social classes, children and adolescents, and the elderly. Even those who are not included in the aforementioned groups, but who take medications for medical conditions may have their decision-making impaired to some extent. Therefore, it is argued that rationality in economic decision-making may be the exception rather than the norm.     

商品生命周期不同阶段的广告表达

商品所经历的从投入到退出市场的过程．称之为商品的生命周期。本文将这一周期细分为导入、成长、稳定、发展、受挫、复苏、衰退７个阶段，并根据每个阶段的特点分析了不同的广告表达方式和广告策略．     

Community-based Arts Program for Youth in Low-Income Communities: A Multi-Method Evaluation

This article reports on a multi-method evaluation of a national arts program conducted over 3 years in five sites across Canada. Statistical analysis involve growth curve modeling of five waves of data and interviews with participating youth and parents. The results indicate that high-quality arts programs have a significant effect on children’s in-program behavior and emotional problems. The findings from the qualitative interviews suggest that active recruitment, removing barriers to participation, and high parental involvement enhanced youth engagement. Perceived youth gains included increased confidence, enhanced art skills, improved prosocial skills, and improved conflict resolution skills.     

Exposure to sided media coverage of an organization,subsequent group conversations,and public relations outcomes

We experimentally found a negative effect of subsequent group conversations after media exposure on the audience's attitudes toward the covered organization, while we found sided media exposure to predict both attitudes and behavioral intentions relevant to the covered organization. The extent of conversational engagement immediately following media exposure also helped predict future word-of-mouth (WOM) intentions. These results highlight the roles of interpersonal interactions after media exposure to explain and predict public relations outcomes.     

Using Peer Educators for a Classroom-Based AIDS Program

Abstract

In view of recent prevalence and other data regarding alcohol use by college students this article considers whether or not alcohol represents a problem or a changeable problem for these students and/or their colleges. On the one hand, drinking is deeply embedded in the traditions of college life; it does serve some beneficial purposes; and it is often regarded as an accepted, if not expected, part of adolescence. Furthermore, drinking behavior in college is a poor predictor of eventual alcoholism. On the other hand, both difficulty in identifying problem drinking and ambivalence over false positive diagnoses have contributed to a preoccupation with alcoholism, and a denial of subclinical or preclinical but nonetheless real problems. New ways of defining what constitutes an “alcohol” problem, as well as ways of remedying and preventing the problem are discussed. College health personnel are needed to continue their traditional diagnostic and referral functions, but must expand their roles to include involvement with other disciplines in proactive preventive and educational programming.     

行为金融视角下我国上市公司现金股利政策解释

上市公司为什么要支付股利?美国学者Baker和Wurgler从行为公司财务角度出发提出了股利迎合理论,该理论放宽了MM股利无关论中关于“市场有效性”的假设,认为如果市场是有效的,则现金股利政策应该由企业特征决定;如果市场不是完全有效的,则理性的管理层会为了提高股价,迎合股东对股利不断变化的偏好.结合股利的迎合理论,融入新近出现的股利的生命周期理论的思想,基于沪深两市2000-2010年中国A股上市公司财务数据,对我国上市公司现金股利支付倾向与我国投资者的现金股利需求的关系进行了实证研究.同时,引入现金股利溢价指标,研究了公司股利支付意愿与现金股利溢价的关系.研究表明:对处于同一生命周期的上市公司而言,投资者的现金股利需求对上市公司的股利支付倾向有较显著影响,但其影响程度不及盈利能力以及股利政策连续性指标强;面对更高的股利溢价时会更倾向于支付现金股利.研究证明,股利迎合理论对我国资本市场的现实情况具有较强的解释能力.