Single Crossing Properties and the Existence of Pure Strategy Equilibria in Games of Incomplete Information

This paper analyzes a class of games of incomplete information where each agent has private information about her own type, and the types are drawn from an atomless joint probability distribution. The main result establishes existence of pure strategy Nash equilibria (PSNE) under a condition we call the single crossing condition (SCC), roughly described as follows: whenever each opponent uses a nondecreasing strategy (in the sense that higher types choose higher actions), a player's best response strategy is also nondecreasing. When the SCC holds, a PSNE exists in every finite‐action game. Further, for games with continuous payoffs and a continuum of actions, there exists a sequence of PSNE to finite‐action games that converges to a PSNE of the continuum‐action game. These convergence and existence results also extend to some classes of games with discontinuous payoffs, such as first‐price auctions, where bidders may be heterogeneous and reserve prices are permitted. Finally, the paper characterizes the SCC based on properties of utility functions and probability distributions over types. Applications include first‐price, multi‐unit, and all‐pay auctions; pricing games with incomplete information about costs; and noisy signaling games.     

北京市少数民族类社会组织研究

少数民族类社会组织作为一支特殊的社会公益力量,在推动民族工作的开展、维系民族关系、促进和谐北京的构建进程中发挥着重要作用。目前,此类组织的发展还不完善,需要对其进行规范化管理,更好地发挥此类组织服务社会的功能。     

北京市交通拥挤收费的可行性探究

交通拥堵问题给北京带来了很大的困扰。运用经济学原理分析可知,交通拥堵主要是由于个人边际成本与社会边际成本之间存在差异造成的。交通拥挤收费作为交通需求管理的一种手段,引起了广泛的关注。本文在分析了交通拥挤收费的理论基础、有效性、国内外成功经验的基础上,论证了交通拥挤收费在北京的可行性,并提出了交通拥挤收费的措施和建议。     

基于环渤海地区的北京产业结构分析

区域产业结构的优化有助于经济的健康发展。本文以环渤海地区为背景区域,对北京市的产业结构进行横向和纵向的剖析,旨在为北京市的产业结构优化升级提供参考。分析结果表明,北京产业结构升级和优化的关键在于提高各产业的竞争力并大力发展第三产业。     

港、澳鸦片税厘并征与中葡北京条约

清政府为解决财政危机 ,谋求在香港实行鸦片税厘并征。英国为了维护其在香港的鸦片贸易利益 ,以葡萄牙在澳门同时实行鸦片税厘并征为条件。英籍中国海关总税务司赫德 ,为扩大其控制的中国海关的权力 ,顺应葡萄牙欲使占领澳门合法化的侵略要求 ,从中斡旋 ,促成中葡北京条约的签订。该条约承认葡萄牙占领澳门是“合法”的 ,为葡萄牙占领澳门提供了 4 0年的条约依据。     

Medals,media and myth of national images: How Chinese audiences thought of foreign countries during the Beijing Olympics

This study examines whether the performance of a country in the Olympics would affect its national image in the eyes of a Chinese audience. Guided by the theoretical perspectives of agenda setting and cultivation analysis, the project intends to test whether the highly publicized Olympic Games have a globally accepted effect of bolstering national image, as politicians and governments claim they do. Based on data from panel surveys and the 2004 and 2008 Olympic Medal Index, this study found that the overall performance of a country in the Olympic Games was positively correlated with both its current and comparative scores of national image in the minds of Chinese audiences. However, an increase in the number of medals collected during the two Olympics by developing countries did not benefit national image. Agenda setting theorizes that only a few top agendas can successfully draw attention from the public. National image is a very stable perception built by macro and long-term factors. For most countries, their overall performance in the Olympic Games varies within a limited range. As long as a developed country can stay within its tier, its national image is not likely to diminish. Meanwhile, as long as a developing country is unable to enter the “elite club” of Olympic champions, winning a few medals will not lead to a positive change in its national image.     

新媒体视野下北京老字号品牌推广的创新表现

承载着浓郁文化底蕴和独有地域特色的北京老字号品牌,正在以独树一帜的特色迎合着新时代的挑战。新的媒体形式、新的载体平台使北京老字号打破地域限制,完成品牌延伸,跨越传播技术创新的门槛,在数字化营销时代,为其自身的传播注入新的活力。对于北京老字号在品牌传播形态上的演绎,在新媒体视野下见证其品牌延伸与创新建设方面的策略和方法的探析,对北京老字号品牌的推广将有所助益。     

北京城市内部人口迁居水平研究

人口的市内移居正在逐渐成为人口迁移的主要部分。基于2008年对北京全境18个区县的大规模电话调查所获的数据,对北京市民的居住迁移水平及其影响因素进行了实证研究。从迁居次数与迁居率指标看,北京城市居民的迁居水平不高。改革开放以后,除20世纪80年代末至90年代初为一平台期外,迁居水平一直保持着快速上升的趋势,这与城市建设的发展和择居自由的提升都有莫大的关系。家户特征会影响其迁居的倾向,年龄、受教育程度、户籍身份、住房权属、房龄都对5年内的迁居概率有显著影响。     

北京人口与经济空间分布匹配性研究

由于北京人口规模过猛、过快的增长一直以来被认为是交通拥堵和环境恶化的罪魁祸首,因此,对北京人口规模调控的讨论从未停止。然而,北京人口规模的过快膨胀仅是一种表象和结果,其根本原因在于北京人口与经济分布不匹配导致的居住与就业的错位。为此,在详细探讨北京城市内部人口与经济分布匹配性演变基础上,深入揭示北京人口与经济分布不匹配的根源,最后,为北京制定区域人口和经济发展政策,实现人口与经济合理分布和协调发展提出相应对策建议。     

广州市人口空间分布变动与郊区化研究——兼与北京、上海的比较

利用第三、四、五次人口普查资料,对广州市人口的空间分布变动进行了详细的分析。结果表明自1980年代以来,广州一直处于城市化和郊区化并存的阶段,一方面大量外来人口的进入使都市区的总人口急剧增加,另一方面从1990年代起中心城区的人口出现较明显的郊区化现象。但与北京、上海相比,广州人口郊区化进程显得较为迟缓,其主要原因是自然条件的限制、行政区划的制约和城市空间发展政策的影响。