20世纪中国文学中的湘西书写

在20世纪的中国文学中,湘西是一个被众多作家一再书写到的地域性乡土。湘西书写,是指以湘西为表现背景,展示20世纪中国人在湘西乡土中的生活习俗、情感方式、价值判断和生存形态,以及书写者本身在这种书写过程中所体现出对湘西的认识、期待、回忆和想象。湘西书写可分为“诗意化”与“审美化”的湘西书写、“写实”与“批判”的湘西书写、“左翼”与“革命”的湘西书写、“传奇”的湘西书写四种形态。这是由不同类型的知识分子从诸如反现代与反都市、追求现代化、追求左翼与革命、追求形而上的终极与民间狂欢的立场和角度将自己对湘西的记忆、想象、感受和期盼文学化的结晶。     

机器中的幽灵 ——解读文本内外的《宣叙》

莫里森的批评论著《在黑暗中演奏：白色与文学想象》是作家对美国经典文学长期审视和反思的结果。通过分析白人经典作品中的非裔在场,我们可以揭示出“美国性”的本质和美国“文学白色”神话的炮制过程。如果将短篇小说《宣叙》与《演奏》并置,我们可以看到故事中的麦基其实是对后者所评述的美国经典文学中非裔在场的影射。麦基这个人物的再现是反射性的,与美国经典文学对非裔人物的再现如出一辙。二者的不同在于,故事揭示并最终反拨了人物再现的内在机制。《宣叙》对美国经典文学的观照,实质上是以隐晦的手法介入美国文学的经典辩论,传达了作者文化修正的愿望。     

论高校教学评估中馆藏文献资源建设的完善

在正确分析整个高校文献资源建设内外环境的基础上,根据教育部开展的高校教学评估工作特点及其对文献资源建设馆藏的要求,分别从宏观规划、文献质量、资源特色、改进采购方法、协调纸质与电子文献的采购以及资源共享方面阐述了如何优化资源、科学配置,完善馆藏文献资源建设,以使高校教学评估顺利完成。     

走出男权传统樊篱的奥斯丁

简·奥斯丁作为女性文学的先驱,以其敏锐的女性视角,将备受冷落和歧视的女性带入了人们的视野,通过对妇女的地位、权利、禀赋等问题的理性思考,奥斯丁在男权文化传统下努力构建起女性文学的王国,从而走出了以男权思想为中心的男权传统的樊篱,表达出明确的女性意识、前卫的婚姻观念和深刻的思想内涵。     

Albinism,spiritual and cultural practices,and implications for health,healthcare, and human rights: a scoping review

Persons with albinism – a disability found worldwide – are particularly at risk for human rights violations in Africa. The purpose of this scoping review was to establish the current state of knowledge on albinism, spiritual and cultural practices, and implications for health and health services. Electronic searches of nine databases were conducted. After screening, 40 articles were reviewed. Four themes emerged: health implications of albinism; health-related cultural and spiritual meanings attached to albinism; health-related experiences of persons with albinism; and human rights and albinism. The findings reveal that African ontologies, including witchcraft beliefs and practices, are implicated by their construction of the person with albinism as an ontologically different entity, although few studies explicated this relationship. How broader social structures influence persons with albinism disproportionately, resulting in health and social inequities, is another under-researched area. This scoping review lays the groundwork for intersectoral, interdisciplinary research.     

Depoliticising literature,politicising diversity: ethno-racial boundaries in Dutch literary professionals’ aesthetic repertoires

Although still a neglected area, over the years a growing body of sociological research on the position of ethno-racial minorities in Western artistic fields has emerged. With this article we aim to contribute to this research area by focusing on ethno-racial diversity in the Dutch literary field. Through in-depth interviews, we analyse how gatekeepers mobilise specific cultural repertoires and by doing so draw ethno-racial boundaries when discussing acquisition, assessing quality and positioning themselves in the literary field. We argue that literary publishers and other professionals (selectively) employ an ‘old school’ modernist repertoire that especially values the formal aspects of literary products, by which non-white writers and publishers concerned with diversity are often positioned in an identity politics framework. Their work is said to take in a less prestigious ‘political’/’subjective’ position rather than a ‘literary’/‘universal’ one. As such, this paper informs on how gatekeepers’ practices shape the position of non-white authors in the Dutch literary field.     

The business of writing: literature as a commodity in Claudia Piñeiro’s Betibú

This article presents considerations about the status of literature as a commodity and writers as professionals in the twenty-first century. These considerations are based on an analysis of Argentine writer Claudia Piñeiro’s Betibú (2011), which follows the story of an Argentine crime novel writer who becomes a ghostwriter after her latest novel receives harsh reviews for being considered commercial rather than literary. I argue that the novel in question points out misconceptions about the influence of the book industry on the aesthetic quality of literary writing, highlighting the need for literary criticism to look into everyday relations between readers, authors, and editors.     

Reducing attitudes of prejudice and discrimination through literature: a quasi-experiment on the upper key-stage 2 students of the British schools in Karachi,Pakistan

This study aims to explore the efficacy of literature relating to Anne Frank to reduce children’s attitudes of prejudice and discrimination with respect to specific dimensions, including ethnicity and race, religion and gender. A quasi-experiment was employed with pre-post control design. The sample consisted of 100 students of the upper key-stage 2 (UKS2) level, recruited from the two British schools in Karachi. These schools represented an Experimental Group (EG) and a matched Comparison Group (CG). A research instrument titled ‘Muggles world of differences’ (MWD) was developed and validated. It was administered on CG and EG, both before and after intervention. The intervention plan ‘Reading of Young Anne’s Literature’ (ROYAL) was developed based on selected readings from Anne Frank related literature (AFL). Intervention was provided to EG, while CG studied similar concepts using a more standard method. Results of the pretest revealed a high level of prejudice and discrimination in both the EG and CG, with no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the overall scores, as well as in the specific content domains. However, the post-test of the two groups revealed that the students in the EG had outperformed their CG counterparts in overall MWD scores, as well as in specific content domains. The difference was found to be significant (p < 0.05) with the large effect size (r = ?0.63). Results support the efficacy of teaching Anne Frank related literature in reducing attitudes of prejudice and discrimination.     

Early-life mortality clustering in families: A literature review

Research on early-life mortality in contemporary and historical populations has shown that infant and child mortality tend to cluster in a limited number of high-mortality families, a phenomenon known as ‘mortality clustering’. This paper is the first to review the literature on the role of the family in early-life mortality. Contemporary results, methodological and theoretical shortfalls, recent developments, and opportunities for future research are all discussed in this review. Four methodological approaches are distinguished: those based on sibling deaths, mother heterogeneity, thresholds, and excess deaths in populations. It has become clear from research to date that the death of an older child harms the survival chances of younger children in that family, and that fertility behaviour, earlier stillbirths, remarriages, and socio-economic status all explain mortality clustering to some extent.     

我国《科学学与科学技术管理》和《科学学研究》1999-2003文章内部结构和资助状况浅析

应用统计学软件SPSS,对《科学学与科学技术管理》和《科学学研究》1999—2003年刊发的825篇研究性论文的发表年、文章内部结构及资助者进行文献统计分析,以深入透析我国科技管理研究所处的阶段、研究方向和研究内容,找出其研究的特点与不足。目前科学学研究性论文研究内容有三个倾向即“集中化倾向”、“理论化倾向”和“国家政策倾向”;研究阶段多处于“问题描述阶段”;研究方法以“非经验研究”为主;基金资助比例失调。