Who is Jobless? A Comparison of Joblessness in Rural and Urban Areas in China

Since market‐oriented economic reform was launched in China in the 1980s, unemployment has been recognized by the government. This paper focuses on the differences in joblessness in rural and urban areas between rural migrant workers, peasants, and urban citizens. The results indicate that people in rural areas frequently lose their jobs, which differs from the traditional perception. There is a significantly lower jobless rate in urban areas. In contrast to the results of previous studies, the employment situation of rural migrant workers is closer to urban citizens rather than peasants. Logistic regression results show that the elderly, women, and less educated citizens have a higher likelihood of joblessness, both in urban and rural areas. Minorities have a lower likelihood of joblessness in rural areas and a higher likelihood in urban areas. Chinese Communist Party members and people without dependent children have a lower likelihood of joblessness in urban areas.     

转型期我国职工下岗问题的社会学分析

企业职工大规模下岗是我国转型期特有的经济社会现象.从社会学视角看,下岗实质上是失业,必然产生多重社会效应.再就业工程作为政府动员社会资源解决下岗失业问题的应急措施,不可能长期搞下去,必须着眼于劳动力市场的发育和完善,寻找市场、政府和社会三方面的结合点,这是解决下岗失业问题的治本之策.     

英美文学素养与高校理科生创新思维培养

以广西桂林高校理工科大学生为样本,对英美文学对学生创新思维培养的实证分析表明:理工科大学生英美文学水平总体不高,创新思维能力呈中等水平;选(必)修英美文学课程不仅能提高学生英美文学素养,也促进了学生创新思维能力的发展;学生英美文学水平与创新思维能力呈中度正相关。因此,理工科院校应倡导学生重视自身英美文学素养的提高,并积极开设英美文学选(必)修课程,努力推进专业学科与人文学科的有机结合,以培养具有全面素质的优秀人才。     

完善我国社会保障制度若干问题的思考

社会保障制度是现代工业文明和市场经济发展的产物。建立符合中国国情的社会保障法律体系 ,必须突出社会保障制度的重点 ,明确改革目标。社会保障立法必须注意与经济发展水平相适应 ,将主体的普遍性与平等性相结合 ,坚持主体权利与义务相统一的原则     

国际金融危机背景下中国的社会稳定与社会就业

2008年由美国引发的全球金融危机,不仅给中国经济带来巨大冲击,而且使中国社会稳定面临前所未有的挑战。金融危机向社会蔓延,要经过一系列传导和反向传导过程。在此过程中,失业是经济危机导向社会危机的传导机制。维护社会稳定,必须解决失业问题,而在金融危机时期解决就业问题,必须将短期应急和长远战略综合起来寻找对策。因此,保持经济增长、促进劳资合作、发展社区服务、推动科技创新、完善社会保障制度等是解决就业问题的必然选择。     

浅析我国再就业工程所面临的问题及对策思路

随着我国企业改革的不断深化,全国各地不断涌现一大批下岗待业人员和为数众多的失业者。如若得不到妥善安置,势必影响企业深化改革的顺利进行和社会的稳定。再就业工程为一项旨在帮助下岗和失业职工重返工作岗位的宠大工程,已引起社会各界的重视。再就业工程在实施的两年多时间里,取得了一定成效,但也面临许多问题,要顺利解决这些问题,必须要有新的思路和对策     

汤普森“文化唯物主义”的理论与范式

作为理论的"文化唯物主义"是汤普森在探索马克思主义英国化过程中,基于自己对斯大林主义的批判反思和历史研究实践,形成的一种主要适用于自由资本主义时代的历史唯物主义学说。作为范式的"文化唯物主义"是奠基在"自下而上"的观察视角、"人民历史"观念和超越资本主义的乌托邦议程这三个支撑点上的,它具有两种基本作用:真实的经验整体的倾听和再创造;大众文化的社会功能的分析与评价。     

Human capital,family structure and religiosity shaping British Muslim women’s labour market participation

Economic activity among Muslim women in the UK remains considerably lower and their unemployment rate significantly higher than among the majority group even after controlling for qualifications and other individual characteristics. This study utilises two data sets to explore possible factors underlying these differences, such as overseas qualifications, language skills and religiosity. It reveals that while religiosity is negatively associated with labour market participation among British Christian-White women, economic activity among Muslim women are not negatively affected by high religiosity. Furthermore, family structure and the presence of dependent children were among the most important factors explaining the latter’s labour market participation, although these relationships were moderated by qualifications. More women with higher qualifications were economically active even if married and with children, although some of them experienced greater unemployment, probably due to discrimination in recruiting practices and choices and preferences on religious grounds.     

Between reform and inertia: Bolivia's employment and social protection policies over the past 20 years

With the coming to power in 2006 of Evo Morales' Movement Toward Socialism, Bolivia entered a new stage in its history: a period of ambitious political and economic reform aiming to transcend the neo‐liberal development model in place since 1985 and to renew the State on the basis of its new Constitution, drawn up in 2008. Against this background, this article examines changes in labour law and social protection during the 1980s and 1990s and takes stock of the challenges of implementing a development strategy focusing on full employment and equity.     

新目录学派志:英国文学考据的兴起与没落

通过介绍以沃特·威尔逊·格雷格爵士为代表的目录派三杰,在对文学文本基本物质形态从手稿到印刷文本辨伪和考证批评的基础上,经过厘定文本讹误和四次重要的学术论战,确立了作者的神圣地位,让文学成为绝对科学化的大学学科,但新目录派最终却退出了现代西方文论思潮。观照几乎同时产生于印刷术所带来的学术分裂期的中国乾嘉派,它能够客观对待经学作者,并形成了系统的治学方法,从而稳步发展为今天的朴学大潮,在此视阈下分析并阐明新目录派无法形成体系的原因,恰在于其过分强调科学权威性而漠视了文学本身的独特因素造成的方枘圆凿,藉此提出中国治学方法借鉴于西方文论批评的可行性。