Gender roles,marriage, and residential independence

This article examines the effects of gender role attitudes on leaving home for marriage and for unmarried independence among young men and women in the United States in the 1980s. The choice to leave home for unmarried independence is associated with two major changes in family relationships: the shift in parent-child interaction from a traditional emphasis on children's obedience toward a greater stress on independence, and the shift toward more egalitarian definitions of gender roles in both work and family spheres. We ask the following: What is the effect of holding more modern gender role attitudes on gender differences in leaving home for marriage? Does holding more modern gender role attitudes influence patterns of leaving home for marriage and for unmarried independence differently for men and women? We examine these questions with data from sophomores in the High School and Beyond Survey.     

Probation and Social Work

The paper considers the representation of probation themes inthe British Journal of Social Work (BJSW) since the early 1990s,and reviews developments in probation policy and practice sincethen, with a focus on the relationship between probation practiceand social work. It argues that emerging research evidence supportsthe view that effective probation practice is likely to be informedby values and skills that are recognizably within the traditionof social work, and concludes that despite pressures to abandonsocial work as a basis for probation practice, it is not obviouswhat the alternative could be.     

积极心理学对大学生全面发展的启示

积极心理学是上世纪末兴起的一场心理学运动,倡导心理学不仅要研究人的各种心理问题,更要研究人所具有的种种美德、积极品质、积极能力和积极潜力等。积极心理学的观点对大学生全面发展有着重要的启示意义。要树立＂以人为本＂的高等教育理念;用开放和欣赏的眼光看待学生;既重视学生的共性培养,又重视其个性发展;提倡学生自我预防的新预防观,培养学生积极品质,促进全面发展。     

网络型产业的网络效应与一般规模经济效应的特征分析

网络型产业在其增长过程中具有与其它产业不同的经济特征,本文借用系统经济学中的泛权场网模型,将网络效应同一般规模经济效应进行对比分析。解释和描述了网络型效应调整过程中存在的离散性、网络型效应增长的内部协同和溢出贡献问题,并尝试定性地给出网络型产业的边界。本文通过一个新的视角,对以往将网络型产业网络效应简单等同一般规模经济效应的观点给予了修正和解释,并为进一步深入研究网络型产业特征和发展规律提供新的思路。     

略论社会资本视野下中国贫富差距拉大问题

以社会资本的网络特征为视角,从社会关系网络、体制对社会资源配置的影响等方面对当前我国社会贫富阶层社会资本的现状及其成因进行分析,可见,由于弱关系网络资源严重不足、现有管理制度和法律法规不健全以及民间组织缺乏等原因,弱势群体在社会资本方面处于劣势,贫富差距不断拉大。对此可考虑采取优化社会结构,尽力扩大社会中间阶层的规模;充分利用各种社会机构的作用;营造良好的制度环境等措施,以推动贫富差距逐步缩小,实现社会的真正和谐。     

Performance as a Basis for Price-setting in the Capital Goods Industry:: Concepts and Empirical Evidence

This paper discusses a new pricing strategy, which leads to a certain variability of prices as the supplier offers to fix prices to performance parameters of long-lasting industrial goods. The underlying idea is to give a signal of the supplier’s competence and/or to conclude a contract, which contains additional value for both parties to the market. Some theoretical findings are applied to this concept and lead to 13 hypotheses, especially dealing with the perceptions of the buyer. Empirical research covered 131 German mechanical engineering companies. The data were used to evaluate the use of performance-based pricing and test the hypotheses. The results show a mixed picture. Uncertainty-reducing effects are well perceived while other assumptions could not be confirmed. Based on the results recommendations are developed on how and when to apply performance-based pricing.     

On the specification and estimation of large scale simultaneous structural macroeconometric models

Summary This paper surveys the state of the art of the analysis and application of large scale structural simultaneous econometric models (SSEM). First, the importance of such models in empirical economics and especially for economic policy analysis is emphasized. We then focus on the methodological issues in the application of these models like questions about identification, nonstationarity of variables, adequate estimation of the parameters, and the inclusion of identities. In the light of the latest development in econometrics, we identify the main unsolved problems in this area, recommend a combined data-theory-driven procedure for the specification of such models, and give suggestions how one could overcome some of the indicated problems.     

高校奖惩管理的育人效应

高等学校的管理是教育科学的重要组成部分。奖励惩处管理是既对立又统一的两个方面,有效的奖惩管理制度对优化育人环境,全面促进大学生的健康成长举足轻重。     

人本管理功能与人力资本属性

人力资本区别于物质资本的特有属性，必然会冲击和修正 人类在以物为本的漫长旧社会经济形态中所形成的管理理念、功能、方法和原理体系。因此 ，就人力资本的属性特征研究入手，去探求和完善人本管理的基本功能，具有一定的理论和 实践上的价值。     

Community Differences in the Association Between Parenting Practices and Child Conduct Problems

Various hypotheses were identified regarding the manner in which community context might influence the association between two dimensions of parenting—control and corporal punishment—on child conduct problems. The authors used hierarchical linear modeling with a sample of 841 African American families to test these hypotheses. Consistent with the evaporation hypothesis, the results indicated that the deterrent effect of caretaker control on conduct problems becomes smaller as deviant behavior becomes more widespread within a community. The findings for corporal punishment supported the normative parenting argument. Although there was a positive relationship between caretaker corporal punishment and child conduct problems in communities where physical discipline was rare, there was no association between the two variables in communities where physical discipline was widely prevalent. These results suggest that a particular parenting strategy may be more effective in some neighborhood environments than others. The theoretical implications of this view are discussed.