地方政府在社会管理中的“不出事”逻辑:一个分析框架

与经济管理中地方政府的行为逻辑有着很大的差异,改革开放以来,地方政府在社会管理中的总体上遵循一种不出事的逻辑,在这种逻辑支配下,地方政府在社会管理中呈现出不恰当的功能和角色。从本质上来说,这种逻辑根源于改革开放之后特殊的中央地方关系体制。在风险社会的今天,这种逻辑面临着越来越大的困境,只有从根本上改变不出事的逻辑,创新地方政府社会管理机制,才能真正实现社会的长久稳定与和谐。     

城市化、社会排斥与社会政策的选择

中国城市化最主要的问题包括农民工问题、失地农民问题以及城中村问题。社会排斥理论提供了一个解释这些问题的视角,从社会排斥的角度探究造成这些问题的根源以及寻求解决这些问题的社会政策,首先要做的是转变观念,以社会公民权为基础建立和完善社会保障制度,在此基础上逐步改革户籍制度,并为流动人口创造更多的就业岗位。     

变革型领导、交易型领导、信任和工作绩效的关系——以基层公务员为例

基于变革型领导理论、交易型领导理论和社会交换理论,探讨了中国背景下基层公务员变革型领导行为和交易型领导行为对工作绩效的差异及其影响机制,即变革型领导和交易型领导是否通过信任的中介作用对领导效能产生影响。通过对176名基层公务员的变革型领导、交易型领导、信任以及工作绩效之间的关系进行问卷调查,并采用层次回归分析的方法进行分析,研究结果如下：（1）变革型领导和交易型领导分别对工作绩效有显著的影响。（2）变革型领导没有比交易型领导表现出更好的预测作用。（3）信任在变革型领导和工作绩效之间起到部分中介作用,但在交易型领导和工作绩效之间没有起到中介作用。     

Education and religion: Individual, congregational, and cross-level interaction effects on biblical literalism

Using ideas from cultural and organizational theory, I examine the interplay of individual and congregation-level educational attainment on biblical literalism. Data on 387 congregations and 100,009 worshippers (US Congregational Life Survey, 2001) are used to test hypotheses. Results indicate that the effects of congregational education and individual educational attainment are among the largest effects in models. This study is the first to show that regardless of an individual’s own education, affirmations of biblical literalism are less likely when persons with higher education dominate a congregation. This finding brings into relief the important role of social context in persons’ belief in biblical literalism. Additionally, congregational education amplifies the influence of individual education on biblical literalism such that the gap in belief between college/non-college education individuals widens in high education congregations. This finding suggests that high education persons more deeply absorb the influence of a more educated congregational context.     

Influence flows in the academy: Using affiliation networks to assess peer effects among researchers

Little is known about how influence flows in the academy, because of inherent difficulties in collecting data on large samples of friendship and advice-seeking networks over time. We propose taking advantage of the relative abundance of “affiliation network” data to assess aggregate patterns of how individual and dyadic characteristics channel influence among researchers. We formulate and test our approach using new data on 2034 faculty members at Stanford University over a 15-year period, analyzing different affiliations as potential influence channels for changes in grant productivity. Results indicate that research productivity is more malleable to ongoing interpersonal influence processes than suggested in prior research: a strong, salient tie to a colleague in an authority position is most likely to transmit influence, and most forms of influence are likely to spill over to behaviors outside those jointly produced by collaborators. However, the genders and institutional locations of ego-alter pairs significantly affect how influence flows.     

Close but not committed? The multiple dimensions of relational embeddedness

This research addresses the complexity of embedded inter-firm ties. Based on both qualitative and quantitative data from field research in the computer motherboard manufacturing industry, this paper investigates the origins of close ties and committed relationships, and explores the relationships between these two dimensions of embedded inter-firm relationships. The results show that companies establish close relationships with their partners to resolve coordination uncertainty due to a high level of task interdependence in their exchanges, and that firms become more collaboratively committed when they seek to alter a disadvantaged power asymmetry. At the same time, the fieldwork found an underlying conflict between the embeddedness dimensions of closeness and commitment: too much closeness reduces a partner’s commitment. These findings have significant implications for the formation of embedded corporate ties as well as the effects of embeddedness on organizations.     

危机事件社会影响的评估和应对

随着我国经济社会的发展,危机事件社会影响的评估与应对越来越重要.危机事件的社会影响大小与事件属性和环境属性有关.事件属性包括人员伤亡与潜在受影响人数;环境属性包括事件结束后时长、媒体报道强度和类似事件发生频率.为降低危机事件的负面社会影响,需要建立整合的危机事件危机信息发布模式,并建立由政府、非政府组织、社区、家庭、公众等各社会成员共同分担责任的多主体社会救助网络体系,寻求全社会的广泛参与.     

城市家庭子女对父辈的养老支持分析--苏南四城市老年人生活状况调查

家庭养老是中国传统的养老方式,随着我国经济和社会的发展,传统的养老模式发生了变化,现在到底是怎样的状况?通过分析城市家庭中子女在父辈养老过程中对父辈的经济支持、生活照料和情感支持状况,可以发现,居家养老是现阶段城市老年人养老的主要形式,子女在父辈的养老过程中主要发挥了情感支持和生活照料的作用,经济支持方面则表现为社会保障(退休金)支持下的老年人的自养.     

构建和谐湖北进程中的人口发展问题

在经济社会发展和构建和谐湖北进程中,必须正视湖北人口发展中存在的人口总量持续增长、出生人口素质偏低、性别比偏高、老龄化加速、劳动适龄人口增加和城镇化建设滞后等问题,并坚持以科学发展观为指导,坚持“两种生产”一起抓,建立人口安全决策机制,完善人口和计划生育工作机制,综合治理、解决发展中突出问题,为构建和谐湖北创造良好的人口环境。     

关于中国消费者分群范式(China-Vals)的研究

本文以中国消费者的生活形态研究为中心,借鉴西方研究成果,就消费者的分群、价值观、生活形态及社会分层等市场细分相关理论进行了深入探索,构建了中国独特的系统范式,提出了五项新的理论性观点,即中国消费者14大族群、七点文化元素、中国社会心理结构的三层结论(安全\认同\事业)、China-Vals模型和应用性价值观。