试论1927-1949年中国社会的局部变迁

中国社会在1927-1949年间发生了局部变迁,这就是革命根据地、抗日根据地、解放区所发生的政治、经济、文化等方面的巨大变化。随着革命形势的发展,中国社会由局部变迁发展为全国性的巨变。     

应对企业职工思想变化的新特点

在市场条件下,多样化的经济成分使企业职工的认识期望表现出差异极大的多元性、多变性、选择性与共同的趋利性。要应对这些新变化、思想政治工作必须拓宽视野、充实新内容;科学引导,努力改进方法;结合现代手段,增强吸引力。     

产业结构变迁、经济增长与城乡收入差距

产业结构变迁是一个国家和地区经济发展的必然过程和趋势,产业结构的调整一定程度上会影响就业水平,并进一步影响城乡居民的收入水平。利用我国30个省、市、自治区的经济增长、产业结构以及城乡收入差距相关数据,通过面板数据模型分析产业结构等变量对我国城乡收入差距的影响机制。结果表明:随着经济增长,产业结构变迁对城乡收入差距的影响存在门限效应,金融深化和外商投资水平提高可以显著缩小城乡收入差距等。并针对性地提出对策建议。     

Interrupted aspirations: research and policy on Gitano education in a time of recession,in Spain

During the past decade, Gitano students’ school success and its cultural, social and emotional consequences have been largely unexplored, particularly in a new context: the deep economic crisis in Spain. This study reviews and analyses the evolution of the research production and the changing contexts of policy trends affecting the ‘Roma education issue’ as they have developed in Spain during the past decade (2004–2014). The authors take as a starting point the groundbreaking study published in 2004 that focused on trajectories of educational achievement and continuity among Gitano youth, and go on to reconstruct the approaches undertaken by qualitative, quantitative and evaluation research since then, in relation to their contributions to improve policy recommendations. The role played by Spanish and European social and educational strategies addressed to the Gitano/Roma population is critically explored to challenge the controversial notion of a ‘Spanish model of Roma integration’. Finally, the authors argue that the deterioration of public education and the virtual disappearance of social benefits in recent years, in addition to the worrying actions taken against Roma citizens in the EU, are to account for the interrupted aspirations of a whole generation of Gitano/Roma youth.     

‘Test Driving’ a Financing Instrument for Climate Adaptation: Analyzing Institutional Dilemmas using Simulation Gaming

Urban physical public infrastructure is a frontline defense mechanism to manage and mitigate climate-related impacts. Market instruments are often cited as possible means to spread risk and reduce financial burdens on the public sector. The authors argue that existing research tends to focus on the technical issues of instruments and neglects considering institutional dynamics that may enable or constrain local market-based financing mechanisms. In this article, three core dilemmas (values uncertainty, planning horizon, and indirect benefits) are used to analyze the responses of practitioners to a possible financing instrument. The findings indicate that the practitioner’s responses to tax increment financing were largely shaped by the adaptation dilemmas and not the characteristics of the instrument per se. By mapping the dilemmas onto whether they would recommend it, participants imposed a financial barrier on climate adaptation investments. The authors conclude that a key imperative in the design of policy instruments is to pay attention to the congruency of informal institutions at the ‘street level’ in order to be in-step with the current sociopolitical conditions. The findings also point to four key attributes that a local market-based instrument would need to be aligned and responsive to the Dutch planning and development context.     

政府主导下的土地流转与产业发展及就业的关联机制——天津近郊地区农村集体建设用地流转实践与启示

天津近郊的小城镇建设过程中,农村集体建设用地流转虽然是在政府主导下进行的,但当地自身经济发展水平和农民生活方式的改变是政府推动土地流转的基础和前提；政府则通过对土地的整合及重新规划,推动了当地的产业结构调整和产业水平提升,也加快了农民身份的转变,并为失地农民提供了相应的就业机会和社会保障.农村集体土地的流转是地区产业结构升级和农民就业转型的需要,而政府主导的土地流转可以更好地促进当地产业结构的演化升级和农民的就业转型.     

清代“红楼戏”在戏曲体制上的因循与新变

清代中叶,根据《红楼梦》小说进行戏曲改编是当时剧坛上的热潮之一,其成品有雅、俗两类,其中分属雅部的昆曲类则更具代表性,包括传奇和杂剧,然又以传奇居多。而明清传奇在其发展过程中,已形成了一些相对固定的格局,单就体制而言,仅在出数和出目、用曲和曲牌、脚色、开场和下场及生旦冲场等方面就有不少具体细致的规范。对于这些规范,《红楼梦》戏曲有遵守也有破之不守的,可谓因循与新变并存。     

高校劳动关系的变化与工会维权机制的创新

与社会主义市场经济体制相适应,我国高等院校的用人机制逐步转换,进而高校劳动关系发生了深刻的变化,教职工的维权需求也发生变化。这对工会维权提出了依法维权、全方位维权、主动维权、柔性维权等新要求。适应这种新要求,文章提出必须在思想观念、维权内容、规范保障、维权手段、维权载体、维权队伍和组织体制等方面进行创新。     

Human population as a dynamic factor in environmental degradation

The environmental consequences of increasing human population size are dynamic and nonlinear, not passive and linear. The role of feedbacks, thresholds, and synergies in the interaction of population size and the environment are reviewed here, with examples drawn from climate change, acid deposition, land use, soil degradation, and other global and regional environmental issues. The widely-assumed notion that environmental degradation grows in proportion to population size, assuming fixed per capita consumption and fixed modes of production, is shown to be overly optimistic. In particular, feedbacks, thresholds, and synergies generally amplify risk, causing degradation to grow disproportionally faster than growth in population size. Based on a presentation to the Bixby Symposium on Population and Conservation, UC Berkeley, May 2006.