Social Policy from Olson to Ostrom: A Case Study of Dutch Disability Insurance

Social policy development and reform in corporatist welfare states often follows a pattern of subsequent collectivization and de‐collectivization. This has to do, the article argues, with the social problems these phases address. Early social policy development forms a response to Olson‐type collective action problems that organized actors (labour and employers' organizations) in the field experience: state‐obliged benefits solve free rider problems, while bipartite administration allows labour and employers' organizations to organize their constituencies. This solution to Olson‐type collective action problems, however, also constitutes an Ostrom‐type collective action problem. Such a system functions as a common pool resource. Individual benefit take‐up is experienced as free and the costs of benefit take‐up are collectivized in the common pool. The article illustrates this pattern with reference to Dutch disability insurance.     

从苏丹个案看中国对阿外交之成长

苏丹是中国外交参与程度较深的发展中国家,中苏双边关系的发展演变不仅始终彰显着共同发展的主旋律,也清晰地反映了中国对阿外交的成长轨迹。在民族解放运动蓬勃发展时期,中国和苏丹的相互援助加速了全球殖民体系的瓦解,整体上推动了发展中国家的社会发展进程。在此后的全球化浪潮中,中国逐步深度参与了苏丹的经济事务,帮助苏丹实现了经济腾飞和国内持久和平。以南北矛盾和达尔富尔人道主义灾难为主要内容的苏丹危机,是中国外交参与国际事务时必须直面的挑战之一。中国外交必须重新审视与西方和发展中国家关系的基本内容和应对技巧,在深度参与中逐步走向成熟,实现外交转型和国家形象重塑。     

关于高师公共课心理学改革的思考

我国高师公共课心理学教学改革现状的调查和文献分析表明 :当前我国高师公共课心理学存在教学目标低与实际需求高的矛盾、教材体系的冲突、教学方法单一与学生对心理学的浓厚兴趣和期待形成的强烈反差、内容多与学时少的矛盾、课程对教师要求高与教师素质低的矛盾 ,以及学而无用、学而不会用与“书到用时方恨少”的矛盾 ;我国高师公共课心理学课程是体现高师师范性特色和培养未来教师教育素质的课程 ,应从公共课心理学的教、学、评价等方面进行大力改革。     

传统公忠思想与当代道德建设析论

公忠,是中国传统道德的重要规范.在中国封建社会伦理纲常中,公忠被看作"为国之本","天下大公之道",是社会的最高道德准则,"义理之归".究其原因,盖由公忠之德的兴废,直接关涉着社稷安危,天下兴亡.它要求人们"以公灭私"、"临患不忘国"、"天下为公"、"公而忘私"、"至公无私",特别是"忠先于孝"思想的提出,打破了忠孝难两全的局面,把忠拔高到无上的地位.虽有维护忠君道统之敝,但基本精神还是恤民安国.孙中山先生也倡导为民、为国、为天下的公忠精神,在社会主义道德建设中,弘扬公忠精神,对于发扬集体主义精神,维护祖国和人民的利益,推动社会主义现代化建设事业,具有十分重要的现实意义.     

On the cohen-sackrowitz estimator of a common mean

The paper reconsider certain estimators proposed by COHENand SACKROWITZ[Ann.Statist.(1974)2,1274-1282,Ann.Statist.4,1294]for the common mean of two normal distributions on the basis of independent samples of equal size from the two populations. It derives the ncecessary and sufficient condition for improvement over the first sample mean, under squared error loss, for any member of a class containing these. It shows that the estimator proposded by them for simultaneous improvement over botyh sample means has the desired property if and only if the common size of the samples is at least nine. The requirement is milder than that for any other estimator at the present state of knolwledge and may be constrasted with their result which implies the desired property of the estimator only if the common size of the samples is at least fifteen. Upper bounds for variances if the estimators derived by them are also improved     

试论汉语普通话与英语发音

汉语普通话是中国的官方语言,但并不是每个中国人都会说普通话或者是把普通话说好,它极大地受到方言的影响,而中国学生学习英语是在汉语掌握到很好程度之后开始的,英语发音极大的受到母语(包括方言和普通话)的影响。与此同时汉语普通话与英语又有多组发音相类同的音素,普通话水平的好坏直接影响到学生英语发音的好坏。本文就普通话、方言、英语发音三者间的联系展开论述,论述了如何利用母语发音因素的正面效应并克服其干扰提高学生的英语发音水平。     

转型时期中央与地方的博弈——一个共同代理的观点

在中国经济的转型时期,地方政府是同时代表中央和地方利益的共同代理人.本文运用共同代理模型分析了三方之间的博弈,并着重从激励的角度讨论了中央是否应该限制地方利益集团对地方政府的影响.我们的模型表明,当中央与地方的利益互补时,地方政府与地方之间的交易能减少中央对地方政府的激励成本,因而中央应该选择容忍；而当中央与地方的利益相互竞争时,该结论也有可能成立.最后,我们用这一结果解释了地方政府助推房价上涨的原因.     

Reducing differences between profiles of weights: A “peer-restricted” cross-efficiency evaluation

This paper deals with the selection of the profiles of weights to be used in cross-efficiency evaluations. In an attempt to prevent unrealistic weighting schemes, one of the issues of main interest that we address here is that of the zero weights, since their use implies that some of the variables considered are excluded from the assessments to be made. In the calculation of cross-efficiency scores, we propose to ignore the profiles of weights of the DMUs that cannot make a choice of non-zero weights among their alternate optima. The different units are therefore assessed in a peer-evaluation that does not consider the profiles of weights of some inefficient DMUs. This approach is referred to as “peer-restricted” cross-efficiency evaluation. Aside from avoiding zero weights, the choice of weights that we make also seeks to reduce the differences between the weights profiles selected as much as possible. Thus, in the “peer-restricted” cross-efficiency evaluation in the present paper we also try to avoid that the different DMUs attach very different weights to the same variable. Finally, we extend this approach to derive a common set of weights by exploiting the idea of similarity between profiles of weights.     

肿瘤科PICC常见并发症及其处理措施探讨

目的探讨PICC导管在恶性肿瘤化疗患者中的各种常见并发症及其处理措施。方法对300例肿瘤患者进行置管给药并观察置管的临床效果,及其引发的各种并发症。结果发生PICC相关性并发症38例(12.67%),行Logistic回归分析。结论影响留置PICC导管并发症的因素复杂,管理好老年患者、加强培训提高置管水平、实施PICC健康教育、尽量缩短留置时间可以减少PICC导管相关性感染发生,也能避免其他各种常见并发症。