产业融合促进农民共同富裕:作用机理与政策选择

产业融合作为我国农村生产方式的重要变革形态,对农民就业和增收带来深远影响。其机理在于,产业融合发展促进了农村资本要素投入、人力资本积累、农业技术效率提升和生产组织模式创新,不仅提高了资源要素配置效率和农业劳动生产率,而且通过构建合理的利益分享机制,使农民在参与产业链建设中提高了创富能力、实现了收入增长。从农村产业融合发展实践看,反向定制带动了农业产业化模式创新,产业链耦合促进了技术加速扩散,混合经营推动了农村集体经济组织的激活再造,这些新变量和新变化从不同方面、以不同的形式对农民增收致富带来影响。然而,目前我国农村产业融合的整体层次和水平还不高,对农民富裕的促进作用发挥还不够充分,主要原因是生产要素跨界配置面临制度性障碍、农村市场存在功能性缺陷、政府有效激励和规制缺位以及基础服务体系不健全。应加快突破制度障碍、健全市场功能、强化利益分配、夯实基础支撑,促进农村产业深度融合,强化兴农富民带动效应。     

政治协商的话语逻辑——制定《共同纲领》的党派关系与民主维度

《共同纲领》充分体现了中国共产党和民主党派的话语协商和宪制民主,标志着各政党在追求国家独立、民族富强、人民幸福的过程中达成了普遍共识,为构建平等的政党关系奠定了坚实基础。     

Alternative diff-in-diffs estimators with several pretreatment periods

This paper deals with the identification of treatment effects using difference-in-differences estimators when several pretreatment periods are available. We define a family of identifying nonnested assumptions that lead to alternative difference-in-differences estimators. We show that the most usual difference-in-differences estimators imply equivalence conditions for the identifying nonnested assumptions. We further propose a model that can be used to test multiple equivalence conditions without imposing any of them. We conduct a Monte Carlo analysis and apply our approach to several recent papers to show its practical relevance.     

Estimation of factor-augmented panel regressions with weakly influential factors

The use of factor-augmented panel regressions has become very popular in recent years. Existing methods for such regressions require that the common factors are strong, an assumption that is likely to be mistaken in practice. Motivated by this, the current article offers an analysis of the effect of weak, semi-weak, and semi-strong factors on two of the most popular estimators for factor-augmented regressions, namely, principal components (PC) and common correlated effects (CCE).     

Estimating common parameters of growth curve models under a quadratic loss

Consider the problem of estimating the common matrix of several growth curve models with possibly different unknown covariance matrices under the quadratic loss. The paper gives a combined estimator with a smaller risk than MLE of each growth curve model.     

How a System Backfires: Dynamics of Redundancy Problems in Security

Increasing attention is being paid to reliability, safety, and security issues in social systems. Scott Sagan examined why more security forces (a redundancy solution) may lead to less security.⁽ 1 ⁾ He discussed how such a solution can backfire due to three major issues (i.e., “common‐mode error,”“social shirking,” and “overcompensation”). In this article, using Sagan's hypotheses, we simulate and analyze a simple and generic security system as more guards are added to the system. Simulation results support two of Sagan's hypotheses. More specifically, the results show that “common‐mode error” causes the system to backfire, and “social shirking” leads to an inefficient system while exacerbating the common‐mode error's effect. Simulation results show that “overcompensation” has no effect of backfiring, but it leads the system to a critical state in which it can easily be affected by the common‐mode error. Furthermore, the simulation results make us question the importance of the initial power of adversaries (e.g., terrorists) as the results show that, for any exogenous level of adversary power, the system endogenously overcompensates to a level that makes the system more susceptible to being attacked.     

The Common Assessment Framework: does the reality match the rhetoric?

The Common Assessment Framework (CAF) is an important part of the procedures envisaged in the government's Every Child Matters: Change for Children (ECM: CFC) programme. Implementation of CAF, in particular, raises many important questions, not least those arising from the inconsistencies apparent between government rhetoric around the development of multi‐agency services provided to all children with ‘additional’ needs and the actual experiences of children, young people, parents/carers and practitioners in ‘real world’ situations. This paper explores the extent to which the actions of practitioners and the experiences of service users with regard to CAF mirror or differ from those which would be expected in view of the content of government guidance and policy documents. The data used is taken from an evaluation of CAF processes in two locations in northern England over a period of 6 months. It concludes that very small numbers of children and young people actually received the service; that, despite genuine enthusiasm from practitioners for them to be so, the processes observed could not yet be described as fully ‘child centred’; that fathers were insufficiently involved; and that CAF was, in reality, another service ‘rationed’ according to resources available and according to agencies' priorities.     

军事熟语的类型分析

军事熟语是涉及军事文化内容的成语、俗语、谚语、惯用语、歇后语的总称，它是我国几千年军事战争经验的总结，包含着我国传统军事文化的精髓，集中体现了中华民族文化的根本特征，是汉语熟语系统的一个重要组成部分。军事熟语在类型上大致可分为反映战略主导思想的军事熟语、反映战术谋略的军事熟语、反映将帅士卒的军事熟语以及反映兵器粮草的军事熟语等四种类型。     

鄂尔浑—叶尼塞碑铭文献中的古突厥语和蒙古语共有词及其特点

鄂尔浑—叶尼塞碑铭文献是公元6-9世纪期间古代突厥民族使用如尼文记录其可汗、王子、大臣生平事迹的珍贵文献,具有很高的语言学、文学和历史学价值。本文以《暾欲谷碑》《阙特勤碑》《毗伽可汗碑》《阙利啜碑》《磨延啜碑》等碑铭文献为基础材料,从中找出48个古突厥语和蒙古语共有词汇,总结其语音、语义和结构等方面的特点。     

未写出的政治哲学——阿伦特对康德判断力概念的政治阐释

阿伦特将康德的《判断力批判》视为“他未写出的政治哲学”,她从康德对审美判断的考察中找到了一切实践判断得以可能的条件:趣味、共通感,扩大思考和范例的有效性,从而阐发了判断活动的政治意义。同时,阿伦特对康德判断力概念的接受也暴露出她本人政治思想的形式化、非认识化和审美化的问题。