纺织品进口配额的取消与中国面临挑战的思考

面对2005年纺织品进口配额的取消,WTO成员各有思考,无论是处于成本相对劣势的发达国家,还是处于技术相对落后的发展中国家,对中国纺织品的出口潜力都特别忧虑。实际上,中国的出口环境远不像人们想象的那样,只要配额取消就可以长驱直入各国市场,因为各国对自己市场的保护措施是多方面的。中国要转变出口追求标准,即从单纯的追求创汇总额向追求出口利润或净利益转变。为此,在对外贸易政策方面要追求企业和国家高效益,采取战略性贸易政策,有效地组织产品生产,形成本国企业对特定产品市场的垄断,以便靠价格控制,而不是数量激增获得最大限度的出口收益。     

中国消费者保护的立法缺陷及其完善

我国消费者保护立法在产品责任保护水平、消费信用法律制度、网络消费者权益保护、消费者教育制度、消费者诉讼制度及消费环境等方面存在许多弊端,不能适应WTO下的多边贸易体系。作者从比较法的角度,在借鉴外国消费者保护立法的先进经验和成功做法的基础上,对如何发展和完善我国消费者保护法律制度,保护消费者的最大合法权益,提出了自己的看法。     

产品市场竞争程度对企业融资行为的影响

许多研究表明我国上市公司存在较强的股权融资偏好。国内学者根据代理理论认为股权融资过多的企业未能充分利用财务杠杆而使企业绩效下降,而本文主要从产品市场竞争对资本结构影响这一角度来研究上市公司的融资行为。研究发现,上市公司的股权融资偏好和上市公司治理结构不完善、代理问题严重等体制和政策因素有关,但是,激烈的产品市场竞争也是导致企业采用低财务杠杆的重要原因,而且由于这一原因而导致的财务保守行为是合理的,它是企业为避免财务风险提高产品市场竞争能力而采取的战略行为。     

Visualizing the factory through meta- manufacturing processes

Milestone or deadline driven production management is predominant in most manufacturing companies. Problems and other disturbing occurrences tend to see their first daylight during phases where plans are implemented into reality, for example, when production commences, prototypes enter manufacturing and deliveries are expected. Conventional control routines fail to depict the true progress and procedures of the company on an on-line basis, which means that instead of being proactive they serve as means to react to already existing problems. This paper studies the application of advanced visualization techniques to the already existing information embedded in a comany's information infrastructure, and how it can help management to anticipate probable near future pitfalls. By studying those daily operations of a company which share a document relationship with the true manufacturing process, that is, the meta-manufacturing processes, a completely new perspective on the company's value-adding activities is drawn. By mining the existing data reservoirs of a company traditionally difficult management processes, such as product development, vendor integration, production planning, can be analysed and the problems identified in a novel way to react in advance. The paper displays several empirical examples from bulk to one-of-a-kind production where the method has been successfully implemented.     

Developing and Testing a Satisfaction Survey for Nursing Home Residents

Abstract

Input from consumers has become an important part of quality improvement in long-term care and for consumer decision-making. This paper documents the development of the Ohio Nursing Home Resident Satisfaction Survey (ONHRSS) through a partnership of state government, research, and industry experts. The instrument was tested and refined through two waves of data—a pretest phase and later with statewide data. Exploratory and confirmatory analyses with statewide data identified eight primary factors along with an underlying, secondary Global Satisfaction factor. Reliability of the domains ranged from .69 to .95. Recommendations for further refinement and testing of the instrument are discussed along with policy and practice implications.     

Order statistics from the linear-exponential distribution,part I: increasing hazard rate case

For the linear-exponential distribution with increasing hazard rate, exact and explicit expressions for means, product moments and percentage points of order statistics are obtained. Some recurrence relations for both single and product moments of order statistics are also derived. These recurrence relations would enable one to obtain all the higher order moments of order statistics for all sample sizes from those of the lower order     

Beyond the CPI: An Augmented Cost-of-Living Index

This note examines an augmented cost-of-living index (ACOLI) for the purpose of accounting for “augmented consumption” in real-income measures. Well-being includes not only conventional consumer purchases but also goods and services provided by employers, by mandated social regulations, and by tax-financed public goods. Because augmented consumption is often provided in ways that raise prices but not market incomes, deflating with conventional price indexes may understate real income growth. An exploratory application of the ACOLI approach to the United States during the 1960–1997 period suggests that the Consumer Price Index has grown about 19% faster than the ACOLI. This correction would reduce the estimated cost-of-living increase by .47% per year over the last 37 years.     

再制造方式下引擎保证成本最小化研究

针对如何优化汽车引擎产品的保证成本这一问题,利用成本动因理论,分析并建立了引擎产品保证成本动因体系,该成本动因体系不仅包括了传统的保证成本,还考虑了失效产品再次失效的潜在成本。接着,利用数学规划方法,建立了引擎产品保证成本模型,并利用Matlab进行了数值分析。研究结论可用于指导汽车引擎制造企业在再制造方式下优化引擎产品保证成本。     

The linear combination,product and ratio of Laplace random variables

The distributions of linear combinations, products and ratios of random variables arise in many areas of engineering. In this paper, the exact distributions of the linear combination α X+β Y, the product |X Y| and the ratio |X/Y| are derived when X and Y are independent Laplace random variables. The Laplace distribution, being the oldest model for continuous data, has been one of the most popular models for measurement errors in engineering.     

Concurrent consideration of product design,process planning and production planning activities

In manufacturing engineering, product design, process planning and production planning activities are often considered independently. However, in order to effectively respond to changes in business situations, such as changes in demand forecast, product mix and technology, it is desirable to consider them concurrently. For this purpose, a large-scale linear programming model has been developed. The model considers minimization of the sum of processing cost, late shipment cost and inventory holding cost as the objective, and concurrently selects product designs, and generates process plans and production plans. The number of columns in the formulation can be large and, hence, an efficient column generation scheme is developed to solve the model. The model and solution procedure are illustrated with examples.