The Economic Efficiency of Sampling Size: The Case of Beef Trim

The economically optimal sample size in a food safety test balances the marginal costs and marginal benefits of increasing the sample size. We provide a method for selecting the sample size when testing beef trim for Escherichia coli O157:H7 that equates the averted costs of recalls and health damages from contaminated meats sold to consumers with the increased costs of testing while allowing for uncertainty about the underlying prevalence rates of contamination. Using simulations, we show that, in most cases, the optimal sample size is larger than the current sample size of 60 and, in some cases, it exceeds 120. Moreover, lots with a lower prevalence rate have a higher expected damage because contamination is more difficult to detect. Our simulations indicate that these lots have a higher optimal sampling rate.     

论消费社会中的个体身份认同——以乔治·佩雷克的小说《物》为例

乔治·佩雷克的第一部小说《物》常被界定为写实小说,但是仅从它的篇幅便可看出佩雷克的真正用意并不是在深入剖析消费社会的机制,而是在探求人的个体意识。通过探讨小说主人公的欲望、行动与其内心的虚无感之间的关系可以窥见他们如何在消费社会中努力寻求个体身份认同以及作品所体现的现实意义。     

农副产品营养质量模糊识别与评价

本文利用模糊集理论与决策科学，结合营养学知识，建立了农副产品营养质量识别与评价体系，并对1358种农副产品进行评判，效果较好。     

华洋义赈会与二十世纪二三十年代的农村信用合作社

20世纪二三十年代,中国农村陷入空前危机,华洋义赈会在合作思潮的影响下应运而生。他们通过与银行联合提供贷款,部分满足了小农对资金的渴求,一定程度上抑制了农村高利贷的盘剥。但是,从这些农村合作社借贷资金的来源和构成状况上,我们可以看到合作社的社内资金极其微小,转而不得不依赖于社外资金,而社外资金对于农村合作社的支撑又极不稳定,从而限制了合作社对农村社会变革所发挥的作用。     

产品组合决策模型的适用性比较分析﹡

目前广泛使用的产品组合决策模型包括矩阵模型和定量模型两大类别。二者各有其使用价值,其中矩阵模型更适合做产品组合经营战略选择的工具,而定量模型特别适合投资组合的投资优先顺序的确定决策。但是传统产品组合决策定量模型及其现代使用的作业成本法和约束理论都存在一定缺陷而影响其使用效力。为了使决策定量模型更为合理化和适用化,尚需综合考虑产品的市场受欢迎度和不受欢迎产品的处理成本等综合市场竞争因素,优化决策模型,使改进后的决策模型更适应强烈市场竞争下的企业产品组合决策。     

国有资产管理机构的法律地位研究

从1988年的国有资产管理局到2003年的国有资产监督管理委员会，国有资产管理机构模式在不断创新。尽管我国目前将国资委定位为“出资人”的角色，将管资产、管人和管事相结合，但在法律上却没有一个明确的定位，其自身的性质、工作目标及运作模式等诸多方面还存在不少问题。围绕国有资产管理机构的主体定位，研究国有资产管理机构的设置、法律性质及其权利。     

An alternative estimator for multiple characteristics in PPS sampling

The problem considered relates to large-scale sample surveys. A new estimator of population total for the characteristics that are poorly correlated with the selection probabilities has been developed for the PPSWR sampling scheme. The relative efficiency of the proposed estimator has been studied under a super-population model. A numerical investigation into the performance of the estimator has also been made.     

Themes and Trends of Journal of Family and Economic Issues: A Review of Twenty Years (1988–2007)

This review article examines the progress and impact of the Journal of Family and Economic Issues (JFEI) between 1988–2007. Over the past 20 years, JFEI has become a major journal publishing articles on the relationship between families and economic systems. JFEI contributed to both the economic and family studies disciplines by publishing articles that explore the interface of these two disciplines. Between 1988 and 2007, JFEI published articles on a variety of themes not often found in other economic or family studies journals such as family resource management, consumer attitudes and behaviors, and economic issues and family relationships. Other unique characteristics of JFEI include many collaborative multidisciplinary studies and many studies analyzing international or cross-cultural samples.     

Modeling collecting behavior: The role of set completion

Collecting is a complex behavior that has been studied from a variety of different perspectives. Art objects, stamps, coins, and other established collectibles markets, have been shown over the years to provide some degree of return to the collector in the economics literature. Wonderment over the success of certain collectibles such as Swatch watches and Beanie Babies has received much attention in the popular press. But how does one rationally explain the collecting of matchbook covers, Cracker Jacks toys, belt buckles, salt cellars, Aunt Jemima, etc.? Collecting in the absence of financial gain has received little attention in the economics literature. In the social psychology literature, many individuals are understood to have a natural desire to collect things for various reasons. Financial gain is only one of those reasons. Set completion is another. The reasons for collecting are not always mutually exclusive. For example, a complete set may be worth more in the secondary market, if one exists, than the sum of the individual pieces. This reflects the value of the rarest pieces and the opportunity costs of obtaining them. The model presented in this study explains how set completion motivates collecting behavior, which sheds light on collecting for both financial and nonfinancial reasons. The model accommodates both collectors and noncollectors and illustrates how consumption behavior may vary accordingly. Insight into how manufacturers of collectibles can use this behavior for commercial exploitation is explored.     

广东工业企业国际竞争力评价

文章采用SPSS分析法 ,从企业规模、经营能力和经营安全能力三个方面对广东不同所有制和不同规模的工业企业国际竞争力进行了评价 ,并将其与上海、山东、浙江、江苏、北京等省市进行比较。评价结果表明 ,广东工业企业的国际竞争力并不强 ,除大型企业排名第一外 ,其余均处于中等水平 ,造成这一结果的原因是多方面的。