我国社会养老保险经济成本分析

据世界银行的资料显示,到21世纪上半叶,中国国民生产总值可占世界总量的10%,但却要负担世界20-25%的老年人,在未富先老的严峻形势下,完善当前的养老保险制度安排,保证养老保险制度的财务可持续性显得尤为重要。本文从社会养老保险运行经济成本的角度,分析了我国1997年转制前后养老保险经济成本的变化趋势及主要原因,并给出了保持适度养老金经济成本的主要路径。     

慈善营销中契合度、熟悉度和产品性质对消费者响应的影响

本文通过实验设计,探讨了慈善营销中产品与慈善组织的契合度、消费者对慈善组织的熟悉度以及产品性质对消费者响应的影响,并得出了结论:契合度、熟悉度和产品性质对消费者响应存在主效应,契合度与熟悉度之间、契合度与产品性质之间存在交互效应。根据研究结论,作者针对企业选择合作伙伴、开展慈善营销提出了相应的启示。     

消费者短视和以旧换新情形下设计架构与定价策略研究

耐用品的耐用性会抑制了新一代耐用品的销售,企业通常会采用以旧换新政策来激励新一代耐用品的销售。企业有两种产品设计架构策略:一体化架构策略与模块化架构策略,同时企业也有两种定价策略:静态定价策略和动态定价策略。在这种情况下,企业该如何确定产品设计架构和定价策略?在假定两期内消费者是短视情形下,论文建立了消费者与企业博弈模型分析和比较了三种情况。研究发现,无论是静态定价还是动态定价,无论是模块化架构还是一体化架构,购买了第一代产品的消费者都会整体更换成第二代产品;随着第二代核心系统的质量提升,以旧换新促使企业产品架构选择从一体化架构转变为选择模块化架构;当采用动态定价、第二代核心系统质量提升适中和折扣因子高时,企业会选择模块化架构;当企业采用模块化架构时,以旧换新政策会降低模块化产品第二代核心子系统和基础子系统之间的兼容性;如果两代产品之间的质量差距比较大,企业将会选择动态定价策略,反之会选择静态定价策略。     

Dual strategy process in open strategizing

This paper inductively unravels the dual process of open strategy by delving into the relationships between transparency and inclusion from a longitudinal case study. Drawing on these data, we theorize that strategy transparency affects inclusion instead of shaping the success of platform match-making services directly. By disentangling transparency into transparency of procedures and of the participants' assets/resources, and inclusion into the range of participants, participant entitlement and participant commitment, we map how sub-dimensions of open strategy influences one another. Specifically, procedural transparency influences the range of participants and participant entitlement, while transparency of the participants' assets/resources affects participant commitment. In return, inclusion influences the development of three attributes of participants' assets/resources: variety, density and usability, which are key to platform match-making success. Our findings also suggest that open strategy does not exert a one-way influence on the development of participants' assets/resources. Instead, strategy and the attributes of participants’ assets/resources are both the medium and the outcome of recursive interactions, suggesting that experimentation and reflective learning help refine open strategizing.     

Measuring consumer digital engagement and political consumerism as outcomes of corporate political advocacy

Given the need for more research into consumer digital engagement in response to corporate political advocacy (CPA) within the public relations body of knowledge, this study examines CPA in the scholarly literature on business ethics and public relations. To advance the understanding of CPA, particularly how to measure behavioral outcomes of CPA, we develop and validate an original scale with four dimensions from two domains. The first domain of CPA outcomes is consumer digital engagement (CDE-CPA), which considers a variety of sociopolitical activities on social media and degrees of behavioral effort required for these activities. The second is political consumerism, which measures consumer political preference expression through purchasing behavior including buycotting and boycotting. Theoretical and practical implications of the research are discussed.     

论消费者在市场经济中的重要作用

消费者在市场经济中作为消费主体发挥作用,决定着社会生产和再生产的目的、方向和前途,并在商品结构调整中、在对代理人经济活动的监督中和对生产经营活动的创新等方面都具有重要作用。消费者需求是市场需求组成的基础,是市场调节的依据,是市场引导的方向。消费者利益原则是市场经济的基本原则,消费者利益引导其他市场主体经济活动的方向,是其他市场主体开展经济活动的动力;消费者利益是市场经济发展的目的,可调动各种市场主体从事经济活动的积极性,从而促进市场经济的正常运行与发展。     

新修《消费者权益保护法》可否调整医患关系之研究

新修《消费者权益保护法》的立法精神中,"生活消费"具有市场终端性和市场议价性的特点,患者可属于消费者,医疗机构可属于经营者,医患关系可属于消费关系,因此,医患关系可受新修《消费者权益保护法》调整。《消费者权益保护法》与《医疗事故处理条例》、《侵权责任法》等不是互相排斥的关系,不能以医患关系的特殊性而否定其可适用《消费者权益保护法》。     

基于民生问题的消费者权益保护立法——兼评我国《消费者权益保护法》的修改

从“消费者问题”到“消费者权益保护立法”的历史演进路径揭示了民生问题对于消费者权益保护重要的立法指引效用.在民生法治的理念下,民生问题是消费者权益保护的重要立法取向.“消费潜规则”是当下我们探求新“消费者问题”的一个可靠窗口.消费潜规则折射出在消费类型、消费领域以及权责归属三个方面民生问题的新情况与新形势.《消费者权益保护法》的修改立足于对新民生问题的回应,强化弱者保护的立法理念,厘清旧问题、破解新问题,但其发展的道路上仍面对诸多挑战.扩大消费者范围、重视消费者教育、健全消费者权益保障程序和建立消费者权益保护法律体系,是我国消费者权益保护立法的发展方向.     

社会冷战论:在政治史、社会史研究中理解中国

90年代以来,从市民社会论、社会转型论到社会断裂论,一个立于比较充分的实证研究并能完整阐释中国社会基本结构特征的中国认识还没有形成。如果从政治史、社会史来分析,无论是"不断革命"的传统社会主义时代的阶级斗争,还是"改革开放"以后新时期发生的假冒伪劣活动的社会化,中国社会一直存在着一种冷战性的社会关系。社会冷战论可以作为分析中国社会的新范式,并为新的改革提供方向性的知识参考。     

Evaluating the injury risk associated with All-Terrain Vehicles: An application of Bayes' rule

This article discusses several technical and conceptual issues relating to the regulation of All-Terrain Vehicles (ATVs). Qualitative response models are used to analyze a survey of injured persons and a survey of the general population of users. Because the latter did not distinguish injured and noninjured persons, an application of Bayes' rule is used to make inferences about the relationship between the two injury categories, and to consistently estimate injury risk. The article concludes with a discussion of the problem of risk awareness and some policy implications.This article is based on work done while Professor Rubinfeld was a consultant to the Consumer Product Safety Commission. The authors wish to thank the CPSC for its support, Steven Shavell for his encouragement, and Paul Ruud for his econometric advice and assistance. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and not of the CPSC.