中国食品安全监管机制改革的思考：安全信息不对称的视角

随着现代社会分工的逐步细化,食品供应链条越来越长、环节越来越多、呈现出跨部门、跨地区、跨国界等特点,进一步加大了食品安全风险发生的概率,食品安全监管必须着眼于整个食品供给链的监管。但我国现行的食品安全监管机制恰恰割断了供应链体系的完整性。文章主要从食品安全问题的本质特征出发,就我国食品安全监管机制的改革提出了思考,认为食品安全风险的本质是信息不对称问题,政府对食品安全的监管应由传统的直接监管逐渐转向直接监管、安全信息交流与管制等方面的有机结合,建立有效的食品安全的信息传递机制。由于可追溯体系能有效解决食品交易中的信息不对称问题,协调食品供应链成员间利益与风险,进而从整个食品供给链来管理食品安全,实现食品安全全程监管,因此从我国的实际出发,逐步推进食品可追溯体系的建设,应该成为我国食品安全监管机制改革的重要载体。     

品牌质量差异、消费者产品涉入程度对品牌敏感的影响研究

品牌敏感是消费者品牌行为研究方面的一个新课题,它反映了消费者在购买决策过程中对品牌的重视程度.同一产品类别不同品牌之间的质量差异和消费者的产品涉入程度被认为是品牌敏感的两类主要解释变量.本文利用结构方程模型进行的实证分析表明,品牌质量差异和消费者产品涉入程度总体上对品牌敏感起正向影响作用,但该作用因产品类别而异,因产品质量和产品涉入程度的维度而异.     

公司信息的纵向与横向溢出效应:公司品牌与产品品牌组合视角

很多企业已横跨多种产品业务,不同产品业务存在地位差异,公司层信息对不同地位产品评价是否存在差异化影响,不同地位产品之间信息如何流动,这是现有文献的研究断层.本文通过两个实验,检验了公司信息的纵向(公司层→产品层)和横向(产品→产品)溢出效应.研究发现,在纵向溢出中存在非对称效应,旗舰产品评价受社会责任信息的影响效应更大;非旗舰产品评价受公司能力信息的影响效应更大.在横向溢出中,存在旗舰产品对非旗舰产品评价的影响,但不存在非旗舰产品对旗舰产品的影响.本文的理论创新点在于,将产品区分为旗舰和非旗舰产品,从而得出公司层信息对不同产品的非对称溢出效应以及旗舰产品到非旗舰产品的非对称溢出效应.     

中国背景下CSR与消费者购买意向关系的实证研究

当今,积极的社会责任行为已经成为企业获得消费者认同和创造竞争优势的重要来源.尽管现有研究已经证实,企业社会责任对消费者的购买意向确实存在显著影响,但是对企业社会责任在消费者层面的影响机制、消费者对企业社会责任的心理反应等方面的研究仍十分有限,对这些问题的实证研究则更是缺乏.本文试图构建一个包含企业社会责任行为、良好公司声誉、消费者企业认同和消费者购买意向在内的概念模型,并通过结构方程模型方法对模型进行实证检验,以探索企业社会责任对消费者购买意向产生影响的内在机理.研究结果表明,企业社会责任行为不仅对消费者购买意向产生直接的正向影响,还可以通过良好的公司声誉和消费者对公司的认同感对消费者购买意向产生间接的正向影响,而且,间接作用的强度要远远大于直接作用;公司声誉和消费者企业认同是企业社会责任行为对消费者购买意向起影响作用的中介变量.     

企业跨部门心理安全、知识分享与组织绩效间关系的实证研究

知识分享是组织学习研究领域中的一个热点话题,本研究旨在探讨跨部门心理安全对组织内部知识分享以及组织绩效的影响机制。本文实证研究发现,组织跨部门心理安全与组织知识分享、组织绩效之间均存在"倒U"关系,而知识分享会对组织绩效的提升产生正向影响,知识分享在跨部门心理安全对组织绩效的作用中扮演中介角色。研究发现有助于加深我们对跨部门心理安全与组织知识分享、组织绩效间作用关系的深入了解,为企业管理实践提供有益的借鉴和启示。     

产品标准化战略模型及其实证检验--以60家"世界500强"在华跨国公司的实证检验为例

产品标准化战略作为跨国公司全球营销战略重要的经营模式,一直以来,在理论和实践方面都受到跨国公司的普遍关注,在全球营销战略领域表现出极强的实践性.但是,迄今为止,尚缺乏一个对理论和实践均具有指导意义的产品标准化战略的综合模型.本研究在继承、发展以往学者有关产品标准化战略的零散研究基础上,对产品标准化战略的内涵和影响该战略的内外部因素进行了深入、系统的梳理、归纳和提炼,构建了"产品标准化战略理论模型",并对60家"世界500强"在华跨国公司的调研数据进行了实证检验,丰富和发展了全球营销战略理论.     

论消费社会中产品的编码解码

在消费社会中,消费行为更倾向于象征性活动。正是通过对产品进行编码和解码,使符号发生作用,内在的文化价值意义显现,人们的种种消费需求才得以实现。文章初探亍产品消费中关于符号产生和发生作用的基本过程,尝试在复杂的表象中对其做简洁明了的解释。     

ON THE SENSITIVITY OF BRAND-CHOICE SIMULATIONS TO ATTRIBUTE IMPORTANCE WEIGHTS

This paper critically reviews the report by Green, DeSarbo, and Kedia “on the insensitivity of brand-choice simulations to attribute importance weights”. The review suggests that results from two of their four weight distortion conditions should be viewed with suspicion and that their procedure for selecting brand scores biased the sensitivity analysis and inflated individual-level hit rates. The most unfortunate problem is that their simulation-experimental design precludes a global test of the main research issue. Results are presented from an alternative simulation approach that has the power to detect the sensitivity of brand shares to a wide range of conditions that affect the shape of attribute weight distributions. The results suggest that conclusions of Green, DeSarbo, and Kedia apply only to a limited domain and would not obtain in many likely market situations. Extensions to nonadditive decision structures are suggested and several unresolved issues are outlined.     

Optimizing Service Attributes: The Seller's Utility Problem*

Service designers predict market share and sales for their new designs by estimating consumer utilities. The service's technical features (for example, overnight parcel delivery), its price, and the nature of consumer interactions with the service delivery system influence those utilities. Price and the service's technical features are usually quite objective and readily ascertained by the consumer. However, consumer perceptions about their interactions with the service delivery system are usually far more subjective. Furthermore, service designers can only hope to influence those perceptions indirectly through their decisions about nonlinear processes such as employee recruiting, training, and scheduling policies. Like the service's technical features, these process choices affect quality perceptions, market share, revenues, costs, and profits. We propose a heuristic for the NP‐hard service design problem that integrates realistic service delivery cost models with conjoint analysis. The resulting seller's utility function links expected profits to the intensity of a service's influential attributes and also reveals an ideal setting or level for each service attribute. In tests with simulated service design problems, our proposed configurations compare quite favorably with the designs suggested by other normative service design heuristics.     

“I’m not doing what I should be doing as a midwife”: An ethnographic exploration of central fetal monitoring and perceptions of clinical safety

BackgroundCentral fetal monitoring systems transmit cardiotocograph data to a central site in a maternity service. Despite a paucity of evidence of safety, the installation of central fetal monitoring systems is common.AimThis qualitative research sought to explore whether, and how, clinicians modified their clinical safety related behaviours following the introduction of a central monitoring system.MethodsAn Institutional Ethnographic enquiry was conducted at an Australian hospital where a central fetal monitoring system had been installed in 2016. Informants (n = 50) were midwifery and obstetric staff. Data collection consisted of interviews and observations that were analysed to understand whether and how clinicians modified their clinical safety related behaviours.FindingsThe introduction of the central monitoring system was associated with clinical decision making without complete clinical information. Midwives’ work was disrupted. Higher levels of anxiety were described for midwives and birthing women. Midwives reported higher rates of intervention in response to the visibility of the cardiotocograph at the central monitoring station. Midwives described a shift in focus away from the birthing woman towards documenting in the central monitoring system.DiscussionThe introduction of central fetal monitoring prompted new behaviours among midwifery and obstetric staff that may potentially undermine clinical safety.ConclusionThis research raises concerns that central fetal monitoring systems may not promote safe intrapartum care. We argue that research examining the safety of central fetal monitoring systems is required.