Coping with daily work problems. Contributions of problem content, appraisals, and person factors

This paper presents the result of an analysis of coping with daily work-related problems reported by a community sample of working adults. The methodology used differs from that employed elsewhere not only in its intensive longitudinal approach but also in its technique for measing coping Coping with work and non-work problems was compared. It is argued that the results provide strong support for the transactional model of stress, appraisal and coping, but also point up the importance of nonspecific (and unmeasured) person factors in predicting coping.     

Coping strategies used by staff following assault by a patient: An exploratory study

This study investigates how people deal with the stress of being the victim of a violent assault at work. A consecutive sample of 24 employees of a psychiatric hospital were questioned over a three-week period following an assault by a patient. The ways in which these staff spontaneously attempted to cope with these assaults was used as a basis for a classification scheme. In addition their psychological difficulties were measured. Despite the restricted sample some interesting associations were found. Ignoring the incident by avoiding thinking about it and taking time away from work or work colleagues was associated with decreases in psychological difficulties over time. Although the causal link is still unclear, further studies using similar analyses may be able to tease this out.     

Teacher stress and coping over an autumn term in Finland

Psychological stress, coping process and the relationships between stress and coping were examined among 66 teachers representing comprehensive and upper secondary schools in Finland. The research design was longitudinal. Each person was studied four times during the autumn term of 1991 using questionnaires, which were focused on teachers' stress feelings, ways of coping and social relations to colleagues and pupils during Mondays to Thursdays and Friday morning lessons. The results showed a clear accumulation of stress during the autumn term. Four different teacher groups emerged according to the type of stress reported: (1) teachers who were only moderately stressed, (2) those who were not at all stressed, (3) teachers who were exhausted throughout the term, and (4) those whose stress increased strongly during the term. These stress process groups differed with regard to their coping styles, but not background variables. On the level of the whole sample, different ways of coping were quite stable during the autumn term. The study is partially a replication of the longitudinal study on teachers' stress by Kinnunen (1989, 1988) and enables comparisons between stress process groupings between the years 1983 and 1991.     

Parents' Perceptions of Their Children in a Context of Shared Political Uncertainty: The Case of Jewish Settlers in the West Bank Before and After the Oslo Peace Agreement

This study describes the effect of a politically uncertain situation on the parents' experience and on the way they appraise their children's experience. The study focuses on Israeli families living in Judea and Samaria (the West Bank) during two periods: the Intifada (the indigenous Arab population's civil uprising) and the years following the Oslo peace agreements. The results of this study indicate the importance of the specific political situation and the particular context that is created for those who experience it. The supportive context of the Israeli population created by the right-wing government affected the parents' ability to withhold their feelings during the Intifada, while the lack of support of the left-wing government increased the expression of emergency feelings by parents. The children, according to the parents' appraisal, expressed more emergency feelings than their parents did during the Intifada. The number of feelings and their intensity diminished after the Oslo Agreements. The discussion focuses on the effect of family role and its interaction with the political uncertainty on the psychological well-being of parents and children.     

Adolescent Gambling and Coping within a Generalized High-risk Behavior Framework

Data were collected for 1998 middle/high-school students in Ontario to assess involvement in gambling, substance use, and generalized risky behavior. To predict these outcomes, measures for anxiety, family cohesion, and coping style were also administered. Three a-priori models were posited to account for the impact of risk factors, protective factors, and combined risk/protective factors on the development of risky behaviors. A high-risk cohort composed of subjects endorsing at least one risky behavior (gambling, substance use, or generalized risky behavior) within the clinical range was created to test an unobserved outcome variable created from all three measures of risky behavior, which was successfully predicted by two of the three a-priori models. Implications for the inclusion of gambling within a constellation of high-risk behaviors and recommendations for future prevention efforts are discussed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Quality of life among U.S. Army spouses during the Iraq war

ABSTRACT

During the course of previous military conflicts, attention has been focused on separations experienced by service members and their loved ones. This study utilized the ABC-X model of Family Stress and Resiliency Theory to provide information about specific family and parental stressors, family coping, appraisal of stress and coping abilities, and quality of life for spouses at various stages of a recent military deployment. Three groups of spouses differed primarily for levels of family stress and quality of life. In addition to comparative analysis, path analyses were conducted for each group to determine the influence of stressors, coping, wellbeing, and sense of coherence on quality of life. The model for the group of spouses with service members deployed longest accounted for the greatest amount of variability in quality of life. Implications for family counseling, social work practice, and community policy have been provided.     

Research on Factors Influencing on Children＇s Life Cognition

有关青少年生命认识的影响因素的研究在中国尚处于薄弱地位。通过对中小学生的生命认知及相关因素的实证研究发现：个体经历不同,在死亡认知上的表现差异显著,经历过人的死亡的青少年有更多表达了对死亡本质的认知,较少表达对死亡的具体形象认知;父母的应对方式不同．导致青少年对于死亡认知的表达有显著差异。日常生活中对死亡事件是否讨论,会影响到青少年对生命以及死亡的认知。生命认知方面,有过讨论经验的青少年有更多对生命表达态度的认知;死亡认知方面,有过讨论经验的青少年有更多对死亡本质和表达态度的认知。     

青少年生命认知的影响因素初探

有关青少年生命认识的影响因素的研究在中国尚处于薄弱地位。通过对中小学生的生命认知及相关因素的实证研究发现：个体经历不同,在死亡认知上的表现差异显著,经历过人的死亡的青少年有更多表达了对死亡本质的认知,较少表达对死亡的具体形象认知;父母的应对方式不同．导致青少年对于死亡认知的表达有显著差异。日常生活中对死亡事件是否讨论,会影响到青少年对生命以及死亡的认知。生命认知方面,有过讨论经验的青少年有更多对生命表达态度的认知;死亡认知方面,有过讨论经验的青少年有更多对死亡本质和表达态度的认知。     

试论大众传媒与舆论的互动

当代的舆论现象由于会天然地与大众传媒的影响搅到一起,于是变得十分复杂。当考察某方面的舆论时,需要把传媒的影响力、公众对传媒影响力的抵制这两方面的诸多因素考虑在内,以便准确地判断传媒或某项舆论调查声称的“舆论”究竟有多大的真实性。这对于正确地估量自己所处的环境,做出恰当的决策,都是必要的工作。     

Research on the Effective Mechanism and Path Choice of Improving the Quality of Ideological and Political Education of College Students in the New Period

Although ideological and political education of college students is an invisible manifestation, it cannot be ignored. The improvement of education quality is a key factor in the development of colleges and universities, and it is also one of the focuses that the state pays great attention to. However, the current quality of ideological and political education of college students is not optimistic, and there are still many problems. These problems include students and teachers, as well as the contents and methods of education. According to the four factors of subject, acceptor, intermediary and feedback, the mechanism of improving the quality of ideological and political education of college students can be divided into incentive mechanism, open development mechanism, feedback mechanism, evaluation mechanism and innovation mechanism. Only by firmly grasping the ideological spirit of the Party Central Committee, grasping the essence of ideological and political education, carrying out the concept of moral education, strengthening the construction of teachers, perfecting the educational management system and guiding students to correct value orientation, can there be new breakthroughs and prospects in improving the quality of ideological and political education of college students in the new era.