鲁迅小说病态心理人物群像分析

从心理学精神病学的视角,阐述鲁迅先生写了诸多心理不正常人物形象的原因,这些人物形象用现代精神病学理论对照,得出这样的结论：鲁迅先生以医学知识把握了人物形象的准,以现实主义的文学创作方法保证了人物形象的真,以象征主义审美法则塑造了人物形象的美,以反叛传统哲学的思考开掘了人物形象的深,为中国现代文学留下了一组病态心理人物群像。这种先进的创作思想和方法促使鲁迅先生超越同时代作家,成为世界级的伟大作家。     

Occupational Safety:

After a feedback condition, assigned (foreman-selected) and participative (worker-selected) goal-setting were examined to determine how they might augment the safety performance of 150 workers in 17 rooms of a paper mill. A statistical comparison of performance under assigned goal-setting, with that under baseline conditions of feedback-alone demonstrated a significant increase in the percentage of nonhazardous conditions but not of safe practices. Goal-setting by workers did not produce significant increases for either practices or conditions, and rates of injuries remained at the same reduced level as during feedback-alone. A visual analysis of a graphic plot of repeated performance measures suggested that trends established during feedback alone could account, in part, for the improvements. Possibly ceiling effects and the stated opinions of workers about various attributes of goal-setting may have been related to the outcomes.     

A People-Based Approach to OBM

Abstract

This rejoinder discusses some common points raised in the commentaries of this special issue of JOBM, including (1) different definitions of positive and negative, (2) use of the terms reinforcement and establishing operation, and (3) concerns over the abandonment of behavior analysis for mentalistic research. In addition, a people-based approach to psychology is introduced and advocated as a leading-edge approach to understanding and improving organizational behavior.     

Should Organizational Behavior Management Expand Its Content?

Abstract

The American Psychological Association (APA) has defined the years 2000 to 2010 as the “Decade of Behavior,” and has been promoting this designation in convention materials, newsletters, media briefs, and professional publications. But APA seems to be avoiding the leading discipline in analyzing and changing behaviors in industrial settings-organizational behavior management (OBM). Furthermore, with only a few exceptions, OBM does not receive the attention it deserves in university psychology departments, including graduate programs in industrial/organizational (I/O) Psychology. This paper entertains reasons for the low and decreasing academic attention to OBM, and offers some possible solutions. It is proposed that OBM is generally discussed in overly simplistic terms; and unlike I/O Psychology, OBM does not draw on the wealth of relevant concepts and principles in other areas, especially cognitive and social psychology. Specific examples are given for expanding the typical boundaries of the OBM curriculum in order to improve organization-based interventions and realize greater opportunities to demonstrate the unique qualities of a behavior analysis approach to real-world problem solving.     

论心理契约与组织公民行为的关系

心理契约和组织公民行为都是管理心理学研究的热点问题。“心理契约”是组织中一种隐性的联结员工和组织的心理纽带,对组织内部人员的态度和行为具有重要的影响。组织公民行为主要指员工自发性产生的那些超越了组织的正式角色规范、没有得到组织中正式的报酬系统直接或明确的回报,但从总体上提升了组织的有效运作的有益行为。心理契约与组织公民行为之间相互联系、相互影响,心理契约是组织公民行为的重要变量,不同履约程度下的组织公民行为存在显著差异;组织公民行为是心理契约的晴雨表,对心理契约有强化作用。     

课堂座位选择的影响因素研究

通过《大学生课堂座位选择影响因素的调查问卷》对陇东学院8个专业的403名学生进行测查,专业课与公共课、选修课相比,前排无人区频率明显降低,教室的中前排通常是女生"专座",主要原因有"教学因素"、"管理因素、"环境因素"和"学生因素"。     

论西部民族地区的消极政治心理与非制度政治参与

西部民族地区发生的非制度政治参与方式多样、动机复杂、阶层广泛,其表现出的暴力性、非理性和频繁性,极大地影响了西部民族地区和边疆地区的社会稳定.西部地区民众中存在的特权心理、法不责众心理、清官意识、平均主义心理、从众心理以及政治疏远心理是非制度政治参与的心理动因.保持西部地区社会稳定,必须将政治参与制度化,拓宽政治参与渠道,并坚决打击极端非制度化政治参与.同时,培育有序政治参与的积极政治心理.     

转型时期编辑的负面心理及自我调适

转型时期编辑的心理健康状况存在不少偏差,而编辑的心理健康直接影响出版物的质量,因此研究编辑的心理健康状况尤其是其负面心理表现并及时调适显得越来越重要和急迫。当前编辑负面心理主要表现在心理困惑、人际关系不和谐、职业倦怠、和职业所致的身体应激性问题上。重视编辑心理健康并用科学、正确的编辑价值观武装引领编辑,筑牢编辑负面心理的“防火墙”,尊重编辑的社会价值,营造编辑健康和谐的外在环境,提升个体心理品质,创造愉悦的内在心理环境,适当调适编辑的负面心理状况,对于出版业的发展甚为重要。     

Altruism and Volunteerism: The perceptions of altruism in four disciplines and their impact on the study of volunteerism

Although volunteering is the most organized and formal manner of altruism, the two subjects are rarely connected in literature. In this article reviewed is the egocentric approach that is found in four social disciplines: psychology, sociology, economics and socio-biology (evolutionism), and the way that studies on altruism are based on Utilitarian philosophy and on the homo economicus perception of man. All of the above have influenced the study of volunteerism: the research questions, the study areas, and the conclusions on the essence of volunteering. We then review a different approach based on Deontological philosophy: the alter-centric approach, already influencing the study of altruism. New directions of approaching and studying volunteerism are suggested.     

个体主义和集体主义的跨文化心理学研究述评

在跨文化心理学的研究中,研究者常常将个体主义和集体主义作为决定个体行为和价值观的两种不同的文化变量,寻找人类心理和行为在不同文化背景下的普遍性和特殊性。本文主要论述了个体主义和集体主义的定义,个体主义和集体主义维度,个体主义和集体主义研究方法;对个体主义和集体主义研究的文化局限、测量的方法进行了简要的评价。并对其研究的意义提出了新的展望。