从海鱼加工下脚料中提取核酸的试验(Ⅱ)--从鱼白中提取核酸及产物纯度分析和组分鉴定

对地产海鱼加工下脚料之一-鱼白中核酸的提取方法，产品纯度测定和组分鉴定方法进行一些探索，结果显示，DNA粗产物得率为4.62%，DNA质量分数为4.77%，RNA粗产物得率为1.98%，RNA质量分数4.06%，提取方法基本可行。     

大白菜RAPD扩增体系的优化研究

以大白菜 341 1 - 7自交系为材料 ,使用 PE公司生产的 Thermal Cycler480型 PCR仪 ,对影响大白菜 RAPD扩增的因素进行了研究 ,确定了模板 ,Mg2 +,d NTPs,引物和 Taq DNA聚合酶的适宜浓度和最佳的循环次数 .实验结果表明 ,在 2 5μL反应体系中使用 2 0— 60 ng的模板 DNA,1 .5— 2 .0 mmol/L 的 Mg2 +,0 .1 5— 0 .2 5 mmol/L d NTPs,0 .8— 1 .0 μmol/L随机引物 ,1 .0— 1 .5 U Taq DNA聚合酶 ;在 94℃下预变性 5 min后执行 94℃ 1 min,37℃ 1min,72℃ 2 min,35个循环 ,最后 72℃再延伸 5 min的条件下 ,大白菜的 RAPD扩增效果较好     

DNA疫苗的研究进展

回顾了DNA疫苗的发展历程，综述了DNA疫苗基础研究和应用研究的新进展，探讨了DNA疫苗的优越性、存在问题及发展前景。     

两步法进行粘端—平端连接

优化DNA重组的反应条件 ,将粘端一平端连接分两步进行 ,大大提高了DNA重组的效率     

An equivalence test for comparing DNA sequences

The practice of sequence alignment is constantly oscillating between the risk of overlooking important structure and that of discovering any arbitrarily defined kind of structure anywhere. On the other hand, the use of a condensed consensus sequence may lead to a substantial loss in valuable information. While adopting a Mahalanobis‐type index we allow for a certain degree of uncertainty in the measurements. This uncertainty may be caused by inaccurate measurements or ambiguity. In this paper, we test the similarity between DNA sequences within the framework of equivalence testing, accounting for both variances and covariances between frequencies of nucleotides. Statistical methods for testing equivalence were first developed in the context of pharmacokinetics and later extended to the field of clinical trials. Nowadays, (bio)equivalence tests seem to be less frequently used outside the drug testing field, including statistical genetics. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Kin-related social organization in a winter population of the voleClethrionomys rufocanus

Kinship amongClethrionomys rufocanus was investigated during the winter of 1992/93 in a 3-ha enclosure using both molecular and catch-mark-release techniques. Forty-six adult voles (22 males and 24 females) having high heterozygosities, which were collected from several natural populations, were released into the enclosure on 29 September 1992. Most fall-born individuals of both sexes stayed in their natal site during the non-breeding period (December–March), although reproductively active females dispersed during the fall breeding season (October–November). These philopatric individuals aggregated and formed an maternal family in the winter. Several females which failed to reproduce were solitary during this season. Some individuals which were derived from several families also aggregated into a mixed lineage group. Survival rate of fall-born voles from earlier litters was higher than that from later ones. Maternal families broke up soon after the onset of spring reproduction. Most females established a territory near the wintering site and made a kincluster, in which close relatives neighbored each other. Maternal families in winter bring about female kin-clusters in spring, which may influence reproductive output in the breeding season.     

DNA双螺旋模型建立过程及其哲学思考

DNA双螺旋结构的发现,给人类社会带来巨大的影响．具有划时代的意义。回顾DNA双螺旋模型建立的背景和过程,科学家Wasron和Crick获得成功的因素不外乎：正确的科学方法、学科的交叉与融合、科学家完善的知识结构、良好的科研合作。青年科学工作者应当认真借鉴这些因素。     

中国边疆地区古代居民DNA研究

将现代分子生物学技术应用于考古学研究而形成的新兴的分支学科———分子考古学,利用分子研究技术,对出土的古代可研究对象进行分子水平的分析和研究。分子考古学对解决人类的起源、迁徙,动、植物的家养与驯化过程以及农业的起源和早期发展等重大考古问题,具有重要的意义。吉林大学边疆考古研究中心考古DNA实验室自1998年成立以来,先后对内蒙古、辽宁、吉林、河南、河北、新疆、青海等地多批古代人类遗骸进行了古DNA的提取和分析,初步建立了中国边疆地区古代居民的基因库,为研究中国边疆地区古代居民的人群构成、迁徙模式、混杂程度以及文化的传承与交流等问题,提供了宝贵的遗传学资料。     

基于DNA遗传算法的表面贴装生产线负荷优化分配

印制电路板组装任务的负荷优化分配包含设备约束、工艺约束等大量约束,是电子行业表面贴装生产线中的一类重要优化问题。其优化目标是在生产节拍给定和一定约束条件下,使得不同贴装机负荷均衡,任务分配达到最优。首先,根据不同表面贴装机、不同吸嘴及多种类型元件匹配的的复杂性,提出贴装机任务分配组合优化的问题;然后分析设备和元件的参数、组装可行性、贴装时间,以及贴装优化关系等因素,并提出假设条件,建立了平衡率最大化条件下的负荷分配组合优化的数学模型;最后,针对贴装生产线负荷分配问题的复杂性与特殊性,通过改良编码方式后的DNA遗传算法来优化组合数学模型,计算适应度,并借助MATLAB进行仿真求解,进而找到最优解。结果表明：本文提出的贴装生产线负荷分配方法可以解决带复杂约束的印制电路板组装负荷优化分配问题,提高设备的平衡率和生产效率,促进生产线的优化运行。