Image reconstruction by adaptive bayesian classification with a locally proportional prior

This paper concerns the problem of reconstructing images from noisy data by means of Bayesian classification methods. In Klein and Press, 1992, the authors presented a method for reconstructing images called Adaptive Bayesian Classification (ABC). The ABC procedure was shown to preform very well in simulation experiments. The ABC procedure was multistaged; moreover, it involved selecting a prior at Stage n that was the posterior at Stage n - 1. In this paper the authors show that we can improve upon ABC for some problems by modifying the way we take the prior at each stage. The new proposal is to take the prior for the pixel label at each stage as proportional to the number of pixels with that label in a small neighborhood of the pixel. The ABC procedure with a locally proportional prior (ABC/LPP) tends to improve upon the ABC procedure for some problems because the prior in the iterative portion of ABC/LPP is contextual, while that in ABC in non- contextual.     

Exact and asymptotic results for pattern waiting times

Waiting time problems for the occurrence of a pattern have attracted considerable research interest. Several results, including Poisson or Compound Poisson approximations as well as Normal approximations have appeared in the literature. In addition, a number of asymptotic results has been developed by making use of the finite Markov chain imbedding technique and the Perron–Frobenius eigenvalue. In the present paper we present a recursive scheme for the evaluation of the tail probabilities of the waiting time for the first and r-th occurrence of a pattern. A number of asymptotic results (along with their rates of convergence) that do not require the existence of the Perron–Frobenius eigenvalue are also offered. These results cover a quite wide class of pattern waiting time problems and, in most cases, perform better than the ones using the Perron–Frobenius eigenvalue.     

“心理社会治疗模式”介入老年个案社会工作

该个案运用心理社会治疗模式和技巧,帮助案主认清自己的状况,消除疑病症的困扰。案主通过加强身体锻炼和心理辅导,有了较好的精神状态,达到了预期的治疗效果。     

发展杨浦文化大格局 助推上海文化大都市建设

当前,上海正处在建设文化大都市的关键时期。杨浦是上海重要的文教城区,处于工业杨浦向知识杨浦和文化杨浦转型的重要阶段。发展杨浦文化大格局,对于助推上海文化大都市建设具有不可或缺的现实意义。应充分发挥杨浦在文教方面的优势条件,对五角场城市副中心定位进行重新梳理,在历史与未来文化交汇中寻绎发展路径;结合杨浦滨江开发战略,重绘＂一圈一带三轴＂文化空间;重点打造五角场市民中心、大学节、出版高地、教育服务高地、滨江文化产业园区等重大会务活动和项目,充分展示杨浦在上海都市文化建设方面的积极作用。     

“低价进入式审计定价”及其对审计独立性的影响

“低价进入式审计定价”是会计师事务所为招揽审计业务,将初期审计收费定价在审计成本之下,期望通过较长期的审计约定来弥补这一损失的行为过程与结果,其形成有初次审计的启动成本和后期审计费用提高时委托人更换审计人员的交易成本差异影响的原因,也有市场经济条件下信息不对称和不正当竞争的影响因素。这种现象损害了审计的客观独立性,是一种不正当竞争行为,财政部门与注册会计师协会应采取相应措施予以抑制。     

当代中国农村扶贫开发模式论析

当代中国农村扶贫开发的基本模式是开发式扶贫。本文阐述了开发式扶贫模式的内涵及其运行方式，着重分析了开发式扶贫模式在运作主体问题上存在的局限性和在具体运行的实践中存在的障碍因素，提出了在坚持政府主导开发式扶贫前提下，充分发挥非政府组织和贫困群众在开发式扶贫中的作用，不断完善开发式扶贫模式的具体运行方式等解决问题的对策。     

发达国家与发展中国家的国际分工及我国的对策

当今世界，“雁行模式”和“价值链分解模式”是发达国家与发展中国家之间国际分工的两种主要模式。“价值链分解模式”是笔者的新概括。本文的新观点是，全球雁行模式将成为对区域雁行模式有支配作用的模式；价值链分解模式将成为主导性的国际分工模式，它能使发展中国家得到比“雁行模式”更先进的技术，但它的弊端是，会危及产业安全，发展中国家必须进行再创新和自主创新，才能趋利避害，实现跨越式发展。     

谈中国书法艺术在现代标志设计中的运用

本文从中国汉字书法的艺术要素入手,来谈论其对现代标志设计的影响。在文中,笔者通过描述说明以及列举一些著名的现代标志设计案例的方式,来分析标志设计中如何融入了中国书法的特点,同时也展现了中国书法艺术的魅力之所在。     

Segregation and Fragmentation: Extending Landscape Ecology and Pattern Metrics Analysis to Spatial Demography

Though demography’s roots involve a strong spatial component, recent attention to capitalizing on widely available spatially referenced demographic data has returned the focus to spatially enabled analyses. Landscape ecology offers a theoretical framework and concomitant methodology in pattern metric analysis well suited for extracting process through the examination of spatial patterns. Applied on the environmental side of population–environment interaction research, pattern metric analysis has not been brought to bear on population data per se. This research illustrates the utility of a pattern metric approach utilizing U.S. Census data from 1990 and 2000 to document changes in spatial configuration of race and class in South Carolina. The results corroborate similar findings elsewhere of exurban growth as well as an increasing income gap and spread of Hispanic population, both statistically and spatially. Further insight into the forces related to these processes is gained from explicit assessment of spatial configuration. The method is offered as a complementary tool to the richly evolving field of spatial demography.     

中国农村老年人家庭代际交换的年龄轨迹研究

文章基于生命历程理论的研究视角,借助西安交通大学人口与发展研究所与美国南加州大学合作在巢湖农村进行的历时9年的四期纵贯调查数据,构建起代际交换变动的多层曲线增长模型,对老年人在60岁及以后的整个生命阶段中,个体年龄、出生队列和家庭生命阶段三方面因素对家庭代际交换的效应进行了分解,并描绘了代际交换的年龄发展轨迹。结果表明,代际交换的发展动力源自于社会、家庭、个体三个层面,其动态轨迹既是个体发展过程和历史过程,也是家庭策略,其水平的高低取决于个人时间、历史时间和家庭时间的同步。