21世纪的美国社会保障:趋势与借鉴

美国社会保障的未来趋势是：预期寿命延长、劳动力数量增长缓慢、退休人数增加、退休年龄不断提前，这些共同加剧了社会保障收支不平衡状况，企业成为社会保障的生力军，社会保障事业出现私有化和私营化苗头。其借鉴意义：重视预期寿命延长对社会保障的压力，及早为延长退休年龄做好准备工作，重新定位企业在社会保障制度中的地位，改善社会保障的管理工作。     

试论晚年白居易的自足、闲适思想

源于老庄思想的自足、闲适心态 ,是晚年白居易之所以能在洛阳实现身心自然合一的“中隐”生活的心理基础。因为自足 ,才会身心闲适 ,适又以闲为前提条件。其闲适诗中失落了表现社会责任的儒家精神。     

美是上帝的名字：神学美学的核心命题

中世纪基督教神学美学是围绕“美是上帝的名字”展开的。其中通过三位一体、创世、道成肉身、救赎和永生等基本教义的讨论，深刻揭示了美与真、善的关系，爱、与信、望的关系，认识、意志、情感的关系，以及从对事物的美的欣赏到静观上帝--美本身的心路历程，不仅充分反映了中世纪人们的审美理想，也概括了人类某些共同的审美经验。     

信息时代流通馆员应是图书馆服务工作的“主角”

部分高校图书馆把工作的重心几乎都转移到了数字图书馆、虚拟图书馆,纸质馆藏、流通工作有所弱化,对传统的流通工作认识有偏差,造成流通馆员对工作认识不足.通过对流通管理工作的分析,认为信息时代的流通馆员应是高校图书馆这个大舞台的主要角色,流通服务工作应是图书馆工作的核心,应唤起流通馆员的职业崇高意识,从而树立现代图书馆的新形象,为读者更好地服务.     

网络时代高校“两课”教学模式的变革

随着互联网的出现,传统的高校“两课”教学模式受到了挑战,教学环境从单一到多样,教学过程从机械、被动到灵活、主动,教学组织形式从封闭到开放。“两课”教师应与时俱进,适应新的变革。     

An alternative to farmer age as an indicator of life-cycle stage: The case for a farm family age index

In studies of farming, the age of the principal decision-maker (PDM) has been associated with numerous farm structural and managerial features and has been widely accepted as a good indicator of the influence of life-cycle factors on decision-making. As such, it has become an important aspect of many quantitative studies of agricultural change. However, contemporary studies of family farming demonstrate that the concept of a single PDM in family farms is becoming an anachronism as alternative enterprises, pluriactivity and the scale of family farms force more diffuse management/operating systems. This raises questions concerning whether the age of the PDM can still be taken as representative of farm structure, strategy or life-cycle stage? Using a study conducted in the Grampian Mountains region of Scotland in 2003 this note investigates the impact of using an alternative index—compiled by averaging the age of family members working on the farm. It suggests that PDM age is a relatively poor indicator of farm structural and managerial features compared to a family age index and calls for researchers to think about alternative approaches to measuring ‘age’ as an indicator.     

苏州市人口老龄化分析

基于对苏州市第四次人口普查人口年龄结构的分析,本文认为苏州市已进入人口老年型早期。文中论述了该市人口老龄化的现状、过程及趋势,剖析了过去与未来主导这一进程的不同的人口学因素,特别强调了控制人口增长对这一进程的作用。文中预测现在和今后的二十年内人口老龄化发展较缓,总抚养比较低,正届人口构成上的“黄金时期”,面临着实现经济跃升的契机。其后,人口老龄化将以空前的速度进行。抓住当前的契机也是今后从根本意义上解决好老龄人口问题所必需的。     

CAI——信息时代的教育手段

计算机辅助教学是信息时代的教育手段之一。本文介绍了CAI系统及其应用,并探讨了目前CAI在学校应用中存在的问题、发展策略,说明CAI在学校教育中的重要性和作用。     

Retirement patterns in Hong Kong: a censored regression analysis

This paper provides an overview of retirement patterns in Hong Kong on the basis of limited data. A censored regression model is used to infer the retirement age from people‘s current retirement status and their current age. This model is equivalent to a restricted probit model, and the interpretation of parameters is straightforward. The results clearly show a negative income effect on the retirement decision. The retirement age seems to be positively related to lifetime earnings but negatively related to the rate of decline of earnings with age. JEL classification: C24, J14, J26 Received May 6, 1996 / Accepted February 5, 1997     

论老年人犯罪从宽暨免死的年龄标准与立法模式——以《刑法修正案(八)》为视角

老年人犯罪从宽的年龄标准应当有别于老年人免死的年龄标准。当前,中国对老年人犯罪从宽的年龄宜规定为"年满70周岁",而对老年人犯罪免死的年龄则宜规定为"年满75周岁"。对老年人犯罪从宽应当与对未成年人犯罪从宽相一致,统一规定为"应当从轻或者减轻处罚",而没有必要区分故意和过失犯罪分别规定。考虑到老年人犯罪免死的根据、刑罚目的和国际上的普遍做法,中国应当免除所有老年人犯罪的死刑,而不应有例外。