“诺思悖论”视阈下民国时期农村信用社制度变迁及其困境

“诺思悖论”,即“国家的存在是经济增长的关键,然而国家又是人为经济衰退的根源。”本文以“诺思悖论”为理论契机,对民国时期农村信用社的发展演变作制度分析,将民国时期农村信用社问题的研究置于一种矛盾状态之中,在国家兴办农村信用社的目的、农村信用社发展的绩效等问题上提出质疑,说明民国时期农村信用社陷于非效率状态的真正原因。期望为人们更清晰地认识当前农村信用社发展存在的问题提供参考,为当前农村信用社走出“诺思悖论”提供启示。     

中国特色社会主义：从追求现代性到超越理性

改革开放使社会主义现代化全面启动了起来,现代性成为社会发展的必然选择和内在动力。但现代性是以市场逻辑与理性主义合谋而发展的,它在推动社会变革和现代化发展的同时,又造成了市场律令至上和工具理性独断,导致了社会断裂分化、道德理想失落、生态问题严重和人们精神家园荒芜。全面建设小康社会以寻求共同富裕和提高发展质量抑制现代性悖论。科学发展观寻求人在社会发展中的终极意义,强调全面协调与可持续发展,体现了对工具理性的规范和思维范式的超越,推动了和谐社会构建,为中国特色社会主义深入发展指明了新的方向和路径选择。     

《水浒传》研究中的一个悖论

近来《水浒传》研究中有一种倾向,一方面认为过去对农民起义评价过高,指出它的许多局限和错误,甚至认为它不但不是推动历史前进的动力,而且是破坏社会的力量;另一方面却用极高的标准来要求《水浒传》和他所描写的英雄人物。这就形成一个悖论,一方面贬低农民起义,一方面又用超过农民起义可能达到的要求来批判《水浒传》。     

The big story about small stories: Narratives of crime and terrorism

The ‘big story/small story’ distinction has emerged as a discrete approach to narrative analysis. Proponents of this approach are critical of the ‘big stories’ elicited by structural analysts, which they see as highly structured narratives of past experiences, typically elicited in an interview context. In contrast, they highlight the importance of studying the fragmented, contextualised ‘small stories’ that arise in everyday conversation/interaction. We question the basis of this distinction and we suggest that it unnecessarily proliferates analytic categories. Further, we suggest that the methodologies followed by ‘small stories’ analysts are often similar to those used to elicit ‘big stories’ and are hence open to similar criticisms; in particular, a failure to fully consider the issue of (contextual) naturalism. Drawing on interviews of crime/terrorism in Northern Ireland, we show how these data comprise both ‘big stories’ and ‘small stories’ within the same context and often within the same narrative.     

当前我国农村土地所有权流转的制度悖论解析

当前,我国的法律法规虽对农村土地所有权流转制度作了规定,但在实践中存在着农地非农化过程中产生巨额价格＂剪刀差＂;＂公共利益＂范畴肆意扩大,致使征地范围过宽;土地流转补偿机制存在缺陷;失地农民正当权益难以保障等问题。这就需要通过建章立制杜绝＂土地财政＂,规避政府自利行为;明确＂公共利益＂范围,完善土地征收制度;建立失地农民土地补偿长效机制,保障其生活质量等对现行农村土地所有权流转制度纠偏。     

城市空间架构的文化维度

人类面对来自自身和环境的双重压力和挑战,无法回避城市化进程中的历史悖论,从城市空间架构的文化维度来审视城市的建设和发展,将具有重要的现实意义。城市文化空间由城市传统文化的历史空间、城市现实文化的多元化格局以及城市未来文化的伸展空间等方面构成,城市文化空间架构应注意城市空间的文化的绵延性、空间展开的多样性及其超时空性。     

Solving the Stochastic Growth Model by Parameterizing Expectations

This article describes a method for solving the one-good stochastic growth model by parameterizing the expectations part of the stochastic Euler equation. The conditional expectation is specified as a function of the state of the system, and the parameters of that function are estimated to solve the model. The article includes a discussion of how to find the parameters of the function and determine systematically the complexity of the functional form necessary to solve the model.     

金融深化与经济增长：西部地区“悖论”的实证

西部地区的金融深化似乎并没有有效促进该地区的经济增长,运用协整理论、误差修正模型和格兰杰因果检验实证分析的结果也表明西部金融深化与经济增长之间确实存在着“悖论”。“悖论”出现的原因是西部地区金融深化难以有效积累资本,并且该地区经济投资效率低下。必须积极推进西部金融体制改革,提高西部金融业的运作效率。加大对西部地区的财政金融支持力度,提升西部产业结构层次,大力发展非国有经济,才能使西部金融深化有效促进该地区经济增长。     

A formulation of the concept of probability based on the use of experimental devices

This paper sets out to identify the abilities that a person needs to be able to successfully use an experimental device, such as a probability wheel or balls in an urn, for the elicitation of subjective probabilities. It is assumed that the successful use of the device requires that the person elicits unique probability values that obey the standard probability laws. This leads to a definition of probability based on the idea of the similarity between the likeliness of events and this concept is naturally extended to the idea that probabilities have strengths, which relates to information about the likeliness of an event that lies beyond a simple probability value. The latter notion is applied to the problem of explaining the Ellsberg paradox. To avoid the definition of probability being circular, probabilities are defined such that they depend on the choice of a reference set of events R which, in simple cases, corresponds to the raw outcomes produced by using an experimental device. However, it is shown that even when the events in R are considered as having an “equal chance” of occurring, the values and/or strengths of probabilities can still be affected by the choice of the set R.     

Female High School Dropouts A Relational View

This study investigates risk and protective factors of Taiwanese female students who dropped out of high school. Twenty female youth who had dropped out of high school and who grew up and resided in Taiwan voluntarily participated in this study. Findings revealed particular relational conflicts and coping strategies employed by the girls that contributed to significant vulnerability, conflict at school and school dropout. Implications for social work practice are addressed.