Strategic interactions between humans and artificial intelligence: Lessons from experiments with computer players

Artificial intelligence (AI) is starting to pervade the economic and social life. This renders strategic interactions between humans and artificial agents more and more common. At the same time, experimentalists have increasingly employed computer players as a tool to provide a deeper understanding of strategic interaction in general. What can this strand of research teach us about the strategic behavior of humans interacting with AI? I review 162 experimental studies using computer players. I find that behavior and the outcomes of strategic interaction often change when humans interact with computer players rather than other humans. In particular, humans usually adapt to computer players even absent detailed prior information about them, they often act more selfishly and more rationally in their presence, and they apply different cognitive processes. Moreover, while humans are able to exploit computer players following simple algorithms, they are also vulnerable to exploitation by more sophisticated ones. Conversely, computer players may also enhance efficiency. I suggest several directions for future research.     

高校教师情绪劳动策略量表本土化修订

目的：对CUKUR（2009）编制的高校教师情绪劳动策略量表进行本土化修订,以形成适合中国文化背景的高校教师情绪劳动量表。方法：在专家评定和开放式调查的基础上形成了20个题目的初始量表,对581名被试的数据采用探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析的方法确定量表结构。结果：高校教师情绪劳动量表由4个维度19个题目构成,验证性因素分析结果表明量表具有较好的结构效度（X^2／df=1．18,NNFI=0．98,CFI=0．98,RMSEA-0．03）,各维度的CronbacWs口系数介于0．78～0．88之间。结论：高校教师情绪劳动量表的信度和效度都达到了心理测量学的要求,可以用于进一步的研究。     

When the main job tasks are perceived to be ‘irrelevant’ in the workplace: the internal uselessness of corporate social responsibility work in Japan

ABSTRACT

Despite a symbolic shift toward ‘emotional taint’ in dirty work literature, the role of the workplace has not been studied in relation to socially admired professions, such as corporate social responsibility (CSR) work. This article carries out an in-depth, critical examination of CSR as an emotionally tainted occupation in Japan. Its findings, substantiated by an analysis of 34 CSR workers’ rhetoric, help conceptualise ‘internal uselessness’. This emerges when workers feel their organisations publicly foster an image of their work that is decoupled from its internal reality, assigning them chief tasks they consider irrelevant. This leads to negative consequences that damage their workplace social relationships, professional aspirations and emotional well-being. The findings ultimately show that these CSR workers in Japan attempt to counterbalance internal uselessness through a social quest with peers outside their workplace, but also manage their emotions by rationalising their job status as inescapable, influenced by situated commitment norms.     

社会支持因素对城市老年人健康自评的影响——以北京市朝阳区为例

利用2010年北京市朝阳区城乡老年人口状况调查数据,应用Ordinal Logit回归方法分析了社会支持对我国城市老年人健康自评的影响。研究结果表明,在情感性支持方面,子女孝顺、家庭和睦对老年人的健康自评存在积极影响;在实质性支持方面,社会保障收入高低、看病是否方便和医疗保障状况也都对老年人的健康自评存在影响。作为控制变量的人口社会经济特征和客观健康指标也影响到城市老年人的健康自评。     

鲁迅道德人格的现代性内涵

鲁迅作为中国现代公共知识分子的杰出代表,以其独特的思想和性格向现当代中国知识分子昭示了道德人格建设的方向。作为在中国现代思想文化史上特立独行的悍将,高举"立人"和"张灵明"两面大旗,用科学理性的工具向貌似仁慈和善的中国传统文化从事着破坏性的建设工作,体现了一个真正的爱国者的博大胸怀和高瞻远瞩的思想家风范。     

产业智能化与农民工就业质量的影响机理及提升路径

基于当前数字技术快速发展这一现实背景,利用2017-2019年中国家庭金融调查数据,实证检验了产业智能化对农民工就业质量的影响,并从创业、创新和互联网使用三个维度探索就业质量提升路径。研究表明：产业智能化对农民工就业质量具有“替代效应”和“智能化效应”,其中“替代效应”占主导地位,致使产业智能化通过降低农民工的工作稳定性和社会保障水平,阻碍高质量就业;异质性分析发现,第一代和外地农民工、社会资本和技能水平较低的农民工、从事常规性特征工作的农民工、处于东部以及劳动力保护较弱地区的农民工,其就业质量受产业智能化的负向影响更明显。提出促进创业、培养创新意识和提升互联网使用技能可以推进农民工把握新就业形态,从而缓解产业智能化对农民工就业质量的抑制作用、助力高质量就业。     

华聚公司竞争情报活动的现状分析及改进建议

在高度市场化的饮料行业,竞争情报是战胜对手的重要手段,华聚公司竞争情报活动已不能适应饮料市场发展的需要,通过对该公司竞争情报工作现状的调查分析,针对华聚公司情报能力不强的具体情况,结合竞争情报的理论和实践,提出了建立以用户需求为驱动力,基于Intranet的竞争情报系统(C IS)等改进建议。     

叶圣陶的语文知能观及其理论意义

叶圣陶以生活为本位的语文知能观包括读、写并重的国文知能观和听、说、读、写并重的语文知能观.前者从文章学角度揭示了基础语文学科与实际生活的关系和由此所决定的基础性与工具性特征;后者是前者在实践中的发展,从语言应用角度对语文学科的性质与范畴作出科学界定,从语言与思维的关系阐释了语文能力的深层内涵.语文知能观的提出,标志着以生活为本位的现代语文工具论理论体系的形成,为中国现当代基础语文教育系统改革和整个教学体系设计与建设提供了理论依据.     

多变量过程自组织学习控制新方法及其实时实现

本文论述一种利用相联存储器系统的多变量自组织学习控制新方法及其实时实现。在线学习包含两个步骤:被控过程的动态输入—输出特性用仿视感控器的方式逐步存入一个相联存储器中,用来作为预测过程模型;依靠一种特殊的输出预测算法,利用预测过程模型并通过单步超前性能指标最优化来规划控制策略,经教练后的控制策略以同样的方式存入第二个相联存储器中。文中提出了一种特殊的采样和更新方法。通过仿真和实时应用证明了所述学习控制新方法的可行性。     

非智力因素培养与少儿教育方法创新

要造就能适应现代社会需要的综合型创新人才 ,必须切实注意加强对少年儿童的非智力因素培养。培养的关键是教育方法的创新。