Foot-and-Mouth Disease Entrance Assessment Model Through Air Passenger Violations

This article aims to construct a risk model for the prediction of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) entrance caused by passengers who illegally carry meat products of cloven-hoofed animals through international airports into a country. The risk that meat contaminated with the FMD virus is formulated as the probabilities of FMD factor events (the prevalence of FMD), the commodity factor event (the transportation, storage, and distribution (TSD) factor event), and the passenger event. Data used for analysis were records of illegal meat product carriers from areas A and B intercepted at an international airport in Taiwan. A risk model was proposed to simulate the probability distributions in disease prevalence, probability of FMD virus existing in the meat products after meat processing, and estimation of survival of virus and time period for TSD. The probability of the passenger event was hypothesized with the odds of intercepted passengers and estimated via logistic regression. The results showed that the odds of passengers being intercepted by beagles were higher than those intercepted by Customs. By conducting Monte Carlo simulations, the probability of FMD virus risk caused by FMD factors from area A was 149 times lower than that from area B. The probability of FMD virus risk caused by the passenger event from area A was four times lower than the corresponding probability from area B. The model provides a contribution to FMD prevention and can be a reference for developing models of other diseases.     

基于供应链集成的网络式新产品开发研究

基于供应链集成的网络式新产品开发，不是从一个企业或企业集团层面看，而是从整个产业的层面看，那就是新产品开发是由产业内价值链相关各企业及企业外部研发资源，利用企业间的互动机制，相互创意激发及技术交流而产生新产品的一种模式，这种模式的最大优势是全体参与者的共同参与，发挥全体参与者团体作用的优势，强调产品开发流程，以产出为衡量基准，强调“产出成本效率”的业绩评估体系以及通过对外部资源的充分利用，强调“资源优化和无缝对接”和有效配套管理。     

外商直接投资在中国经营方式变迁的新制度经济学分析

通过回顾外商直接投资在中国经营方式的变迁,认为经营方式的独资化趋势是一种自上而下以渐进式发生的强制性制度变迁,是在中国政府政策引导下的有微观主体自愿参与的制度变迁。运用新制度经济学的研究方法,通过对谈判结构和交易成本的分析,揭示了这一变迁的原因在于：合营企业和合作企业与外资企业在设立与运营过程中由于谈判结构的不同,而使后者在产权保护以及协议执行的成本更低,从而导致了外商直接投资在中国的独资化趋势。认为中国政府应出台政策提高利用外资的质量和水平,以降低＂独资化＂带来的负面影响。     

Interdisciplinary Practice in Developmental Disabilities

ABSTRACT

This article explores the development of interdisciplinary team practice within the field of development disabilities. Various interdisciplinary models are described, and the role of the social worker is specifically reviewed. As social workers practice as members of teams in a variety of contexts, a greater understanding of an interdisciplinary approach is warranted.     

媒体关注下的CSR信息披露与企业财务绩效关系研究及启示——基于我国A股上市公司CSR报告的实证研究

企业社会责任(CSR)及信息披露已成为当前社会各界共同关注的热点问题。本文利用独立机构发布的我国A股上市公司CSR报告的评级数据,验证了当前时代背景下我国企业社会责任信息披露与企业财务绩效的关系,以及作为信息传递媒介和"公众日程设置者"的媒体的关注对于二者关系的影响作用。研究发现,高水平披露社会责任信息的企业的绩效明显高于低水平企业,但是这种作用关系是在媒体关注度这一变量的完全中介作用之下实现的。这一新发现不仅丰富和拓展了企业社会责任及信息披露的理论研究框架,对于基于战略性CSR思维制定相关战略的企业管理者也深具启发意义。     

Enriching Resources for the Poor: Lessons from the Philippines

The paper provides an overview of the poverty situation in the Philippines, followed by a brief profile and assessment of two anti‐poverty programs: the Kapit‐Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan‐Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social Services (KALAHI‐CIDSS) program and the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps). Official statistics disclose that the global economic crisis in 2008 adversely affected Filipino households, leading to higher levels of poverty especially in rural areas. In response, government introduced an Economic Resiliency Program with social protection as one component. Sixty‐six social protection programs were launched, including the two under review. KALAHI‐CIDSS and the 4Ps apply poverty reduction strategies that focus on the development of human and social capital, rather than economic capital. They involve processes and relationships that aim to improve the other dimensions of poverty, such as lack of access to opportunities or deprivation of basic human necessities. Qualitative and quantitative reports describe generally favorable outcomes from both programs. However, these gains at the household level need to be supported by relevant policy, enhanced public services and badly‐needed infrastructure programs from government, in order to sustain achievements culled from social protection programs and attain broader developmental impacts.     

哈萨克族的语言和文字

本文全面论述了哈萨克族语言的历史发展及其特点,也谈到了哈萨克方言的划分及方言与部落、民俗的关系。文章最后介绍了历史上哈萨克族使用的文字及近年来在这方面考古学上的新发现。     

秦、西汉的“内臣”与“外臣”

本文对文献记载中西汉政权处理民族关系时出现的“内臣”和“外臣”作了分析 ,归纳了它们在与中央政权关系上各自不同的特点。作者在分析云梦睡虎地秦简的基础上认为 ,秦简中的“臣邦”相当于汉代“内臣” ,“外臣邦”相当于汉代“外臣” ;并指出文献中的“羁縻”制度等同于“外臣” ,“葆塞蛮夷”相当于“内臣” ;同时提出“内诸侯”和“外诸侯”的称呼不适合于汉代分封和民族政策 ,应以汉代习称的“内臣”和“外臣”为准。最后 ,本文归纳了“外臣”向“内臣”转化的途径和原因 ,提出中央政权军事力量的壮大是完成此转化的直接动力。     

河南《邓州台湾土番垦屯陈氏家乘》考辨

在河南邓州“台湾村”发现的《邓州台湾土番垦屯陈氏家乘》,记载了清初海峡两岸一段鲜为人知的故事。本文通过对该家乘所记史实等内容的考证,证明其并非清同治年间所修,应属现代作品。但是,本文并不否认降清的郑成功所部中有个别祖籍台湾的“土番”兵勇。因此,本文对这一家乘考证的意义不仅在于辨其真伪,而且还在于由此展开了清季海峡两岸人员互动关系的一个新视野。     

明代中后期的撒里畏兀儿

从嘉靖七年（１５２８年）明朝兵部尚书王琼总制三边、安辑东迁后的 撒里畏兀儿诸部,至明、清之交。这一时期,撒里畏兀儿失去了自"黄头田纥"以 来的左右一方的相对独立局面,因受制于人而动荡不安、艰难求生,对今日裕固 族社会产生了重大影响。