Cold wars and hot issues: management of responsibilities

This paper provides a review of the Ninth International Conference of the Academy of Human Resource Development (Asia Chapter) that took place in Shanghai, China on 11–14 November 2010. In addition to providing a brief review of the pre-conference workshops and keynote addresses, this paper presents the outcomes of the conference using four main themes: (1) corporate training; (2) the development of key personnel; (3) career development and work-life balance; and (4) organizational learning and learning organization. In conclusion, the authors share their thoughts on the contributions of international conferences to the field of human resource development.     

新时期的创业教育:起点、问题及图景初探

新的历史背景为创业教育提出了新的要求,严竣的就业形势、创新型国家战略、当前的教育发展以及人的全面发展都需要切实开展创业教育。然而,在主体性、整体性、民族性与时代性、学段性以及问题的生成性等方面创业教育存在着发展之困。为此,我们应通过绘制动力机制、设计机制、反馈机制以及体系化建构机制破解创业教育发展难题,进而形成创业教育发展的理论图景。     

A conceptual framework for evaluating designs for corporate innovation

Innovation is becoming mandatory for an increasing number of organizations in order to sustain competitive advantage. This paper explores how designs for corporate entrepreneurship fit within other dimensions of a strategy configuration. To do this, first, seven innovation-related problems are diagnosed. The specific problem patterns arising in three representative approaches to corporate innovation efforts (internal research and development, joint ventures, and acquisition) are discussed. Next, issues related to strategy configuration are examined. The problem-accommodating characteristics associated with specific environmental domain choices and with two routes to competitive advantage are proposed. Hypotheses that reflect the problem characteristics of innovation approaches with the problem propensities resulting from organizational choices of domain and competitive advantages are offered. Specific directions for future research, as well as the practical applications of these concepts, are discussed.     

Emergence of entrepreneurial behaviour: The role of age-based self-image

This study introduces an individual’s perception of their entrepreneurial potential in terms of their age (age-based self-image) to complement chronological age as a predictor of entrepreneurial behaviour. The principal hypothesis is that a positive age-based self-image enhances the likelihood of individuals turning their intention to start a business into actual behaviour. The empirical analysis based on data collected on the general adult population of Finland in 2011 and 2012 (n = 672) supports this hypothesis. The analysis further shows that this positive effect is independent of the individual’s chronological age, and it is thus applicable to both age groups that are under-represented in entrepreneurship: ‘youngsters’ and ‘seniors’. Promoting the development of a positive age-based self-image is a prospective policy option for fostering entrepreneurship among younger and older age groups. More in-depth research, especially concerning the antecedents of positive age-based self-image, is required for the effectiveness of such policy interventions.     

论近代买办的企业主形态

从买办所从事的进出口业务、买办组织、买办合同及买办收入来看，买办是中国近代市场经济中形成 的从事进出口业务的商人，是中国近代不成熟的市场经济环境下形成的一种较特殊的独立商人，已初步具有了独立的企业主形态，但是由于近代中国市场经济发展的不完善，导致他们采取了买办这种畸形的市场主体形式。     

Nondestructive creation: Entrepreneurship and management research in the study of growth

Economists’ focus on institutions in explaining economic growth, while important, can obscure the significant role played by individual entrepreneurs and the process of entrepreneurship. The prevailing view of entrepreneurship in economics (which continues to shape prevailing public policies) centers on Schumpeter's famous concept of “creative destruction.” In the context of sustained high levels of economic growth, as in the recent American experience, I focus on a different feature of entrepreneurship—“nondestructive creation,” in which the uncoordinated contest of ideas and search for new applications of existing ideas generate growth. And this nondestructive creation should be analyzed and can be fostered.     

现实与观念：柳青《创业史》现实主义缺陷试探

柳青《创业史》 的现实主义缺陷主要表现在两个方面：一是对农业合作化的绝对肯定与歌颂,一是根据阶级属性进行人物塑造。造成这种不足的原因是对现实的真实表现让位给了作家秉持的观念。现实与观念之间的关系,是现实主义创作的关键之一。对这一问题,马克思主义经典作家早就有了明确的回答,那就是当现实与作家的观念发生矛盾的时候,不应让现实屈从观念,而应按现实的本来面貌进行描写。     

Reflections on grounding firm innovation and viability

Entrepreneurial activity unfolds in a dynamic environment that challenges business viability. We utilize grounded theory as a novel type of reflection to explain and interpret whether and how innovation can afford survival benefits to firms. The premise is the application of a methodological approach with reflexive properties to advance scientific rigor in “reflections.” The idea underlying our reflection was to use innovation as the point of departure, review the literature, conceptualize ideas, and finally link the concepts that emerged as components of a framework. Our view of the firm resembles a viable entity that changes, constantly striving to meet and balance internal potentials and external complexities, while innovation per se involves change that is made possible by entrepreneurship. We bring together our personal and professional backgrounds and implement the European scholarly tradition on innovation and Viable Systems approach to scrutinize innovation’s interactions and relations. We linked boundary conditions, opportunities, and complementary assets to innovation. Effectively, our analysis conceptualizes innovation as autopoiesis in entrepreneurship and demonstrates its central role as the vehicle to exploit changes that ensure firm viability.     

主体创造性视域下大学生创业教育探析

主体创造性指主体在创新意识的驱动下能动地改造客观世界的过程。创业教育以培养创新意识和实践能力为主,从主体创造性上讲就是通过教育使主体将创新意识通过行动物化即现实化,进而转化为生产力的过程。据此探析大学生创业教育思想、内容设计、途径方法及模式确立。