论中西喜剧意识的文化发生

喜剧意识的笑是人类社会实践文化心理机制和生命自由资源的审美升华。只有具有审美价值的喜悦感情,才能成为喜剧意识的笑。能够凭借自由嬉戏态度对待社会历史必然的喜悦感情就具有审美价值。中国古代大陆农耕文化基础上奠立的伦理理性主义文化和西方古希腊海洋文化基础上奠立的历史理性主义文化,分别孕育了中西方文学的喜剧意识。     

The Emergence of Reactive Strategies in Simulated Heterogeneous Populations

The computer simulation study explores the impact of the duration of social impact on the generation and stabilization of cooperative strategies. Rather than seeding the simulations with a finite set of strategies, a continuous distribution of strategies is being defined. Members of heterogeneous populations were characterized by a pair of probabilistic reactive strategies: the probability to respond to cooperation by cooperation and the probability to respond to defection by cooperation. This generalized reactive strategy yields the standard TFT mechanism, the All-Cooperate, All-Defect and Bully strategies as special cases. Pairs of strategies interacted through a Prisoner's Dilemma game and exerted social influence on all other members. Manipulating: (i) the initial distribution of populations' strategies, and (ii) the duration of social influence, we monitored the conditions leading to the emergence and stabilization of cooperative strategies. Results show that: (1) The duration of interactions between pairs of strategies constitutes a crucial factor for the emergence and stabilization of cooperative strategies, (2) Unless sufficient learning intervals are provided, initializing the simulations with cooperative populations does not guarantee that cooperation will sustain.     

无政府状态下的合作与秩序——一种关于“社会秩序二元论”的技术性区分

社会秩序可以被区分为“自控型秩序”和“受控型秩序”。“自控型秩序”发端于一小撮个体之间缔结的初始契约,然后以这个初始契约为起点自然扩展为被众人遵守的普遍规则,因此,“自控型秩序”可以独立于公共权力而自发形成;而“受控型秩序”只能依靠公共权力来克服必然存在于众人约定中的“搭便车”现象和高昂交易费用。自控型秩序”是坚韧的,这种秩序可以在群体内部分有效,即便群体内的大多数人都不再遵守互不侵犯规则,群体内的少数人也有激励继续遵守这个规则;而“受控型秩序”却是脆弱的,离开了公共权力就会迅速土崩瓦解。     

论胡塞尔现象学明见性概念的问题情境及其基本特征

"明见性"概念在胡塞尔的现象学研究中具有十分关键的地位,但他本人对这个作为其哲学最初入口的关键性问题却始终采取一种含糊其辞的态度。不遗余力地确立绝对认识与自我负责的生活规范以及在自身意识中寻找知识的确然性是明见性概念最切身的两大问题情境,而直观性、相对于意识的直接显现、意向与充实的统一可以说是这一概念的最基本特征。这既体现出他对明见性概念的前身即确然性概念的独特理解与持续改造和发展,在更深层次的意义上也显示出作为一个立志成为开启性哲学家的胡塞尔同他之前各种思想特有的关联及其自身理论的特点。     

Exploring the potential contributions of mindfulness and compassion-based practices for enhancing the teaching of undergraduate ethics courses in philosophy

There are numerous ethical theories from which faculty may choose to teach in undergraduate philosophical ethics courses. Whether learning such theories results in ethical behavior change remains an open question. If one of the goals of teaching ethics is to support ethical behavior, then alternative approaches are merited. Within the past decades, there has been a growing emphasis on mindfulness and compassion-based practices in particular, as applied to psychotherapy in the field of psychology. Such findings have bearing on ways in which compassion-based practices might be fruitful in the philosophical ethics classroom. This article will identify issues with the dominant approach to teaching philosophical ethics, focusing on the need for a bridge between theory and action. It will also explore the potential benefits of utilizing mindfulness in the classroom, with a focus on compassion-based practices such as loving-kindness, to contribute to meeting this need to enhance the teaching of undergraduate philosophical ethics.     

维护弱势群体的尊严:社会救助制度的重要伦理关切

社会进步的重要标志之一就是人的尊严不断提升,维护和提升人的尊严是构建社会主义和谐社会应有之义。人的尊严是一种价值,也是一种权利,本质上是人的社会性的价值表达。人的尊严问题特别与弱势群体相关,弱势群体具有贫困性、脆弱性和易受伤害性的特性,使他们更容易受到侮辱,他们有更强烈的尊严诉求。维护弱势群体的尊严是社会救助制度的重要伦理关切。     

中国“印度洋困境”中的美国因素

印度洋是世界海上贸易通道最为密集的区域之一,印度洋的石油航线和贸易通道是许多国家仰仗的战略生命线.中国只有在印度洋上获得战略优势,才能确保自己的海上能源命脉、贸易通道不受制于人.美国在印度洋及其沿岸国家拥有至关重要的战略利益,进行了一系列的战略部署.美国还与印度联合,遏制中国在南亚地区对其产生的不利影响.中国印度洋战略在具体实施过程中不能忽视美国因素.     

Formal Infrastructure and Ethical Decision Making: An Empirical Investigation and Implications for Supply Management

Building on Rest's (1986) conceptual model of ethical decision making, we derive and empirically test a model that links an organization's formal ethical infrastructure to individuals’ moral awareness of ethical situations, moral judgment, and moral intention. We contribute to the literature by shedding light on the importance of a multifaceted formal ethical infrastructure—consisting of formal communication, recurrent communication, formal surveillance, and formal sanctions—as a crucial antecedent of moral awareness. In so doing, we discern how these four elements of a formal ethical infrastructure combine to collectively influence moral awareness based on a second‐order factor structure using structural equation modeling. We test our model based on survey data from 805 respondents with significant work experience across three separate ethical scenarios. Our results across the three scenarios provide overall support for our model. We found that a second‐order factor structure for the formal ethical infrastructure explains the variance among the four infrastructure elements and that a multifaceted formal ethical infrastructure significantly increases moral awareness. Our results further suggest a strong positive effect of moral awareness on moral judgment, which in turn was found to have a positive impact on moral intention. These results were substantiated when taking several individual and contextual control variables into account, such as gender, age, religiosity, work satisfaction, and a de facto ethical climate. Implications for theory, practice, and supply management are discussed.     

包头市中小企业融资困境及独特的破解路径研究

改革开放三十年来,包头市中小企业和民营经济发展迅速,取得了重要的成就,成为经济社会发展中的重要力量。中小企业在社会经济发展长河中的作用向来不容小觑,是国家经济的柱石。然而,包头市中小企业的作用与其在金融环境中的地位并不成正比,融资难己经成为困扰其发展的痛疾,尽管多年来国家为了改善中小企业的生存环境,不遗余力地从政府、金...     

从《水浒传》看中国古代司法文化的特点

《水浒传》对当时社会生活的反映具有一定的认知价值,其中描述的一些司法活动反映了我国古代司法文化的主要特点司法人员徇情屈法,司法判决不拘泥于律条,司法体制依附于行政。这些特点是由古代中国特定的集权政治和法律的伦理精神决定的,并且依然影响着当代中国法治国家的建设。