中亚经济转轨对我国经济体制改革的启示

中亚五国独立后先后进行了不同程度的经济体制改革,其中哈萨克斯坦共和国和乌兹别克斯坦共和国的经济体制改革比较有代表性,分别以不同的历史轨迹诠释了经济体制转轨的方方面面,给我国的经济体制转轨以最为生动的实例和启示.     

WTO面临的困境探析

WTO运行近8年,成功中伴随着困境。WTO面临的困境既有外部因素带来的压力又有其内部职能在具体运行中遭遇的困难。前者主要体现在发展中国家不能有效参与WTO的决策、非政府组织积极要求参与WTO的有关事务及区域主义盛行给WTO带来的冲击;后者主要表现在WTO行使谈判、实施协议、解决纠纷等职能时面临的种种困境。WTO面临的内外困境实际上是国际社会面临的一些主要问题在国际贸易关系中的表现,因此,WTO一时无法摆脱其困境,同时,多哈回合谈判虽已启动,但其谈判前景并不乐观。      

西方发达国家的就业促进经验及其对中国的启示

近年来 ,随着中国改革开放的深入开展 ,城镇失业率迅速上升。西方发达国家在就业领域 ,都曾经历了失业率上升的发展阶段。为降低失业率 ,各国采取了不尽相同但却切实有效的就业促进措施 ,积累了丰富的就业促进经验。中国也可以借鉴这些就业促进经验 ,以期逐步降低失业率     

西方国家起源理论研究述评

国家起源问题一直备受学者关注,特别是20世纪以来,西方学者注重从人类学、考古学、历史学、社会学等各方面入手研究国家起源。从人类学的视角来说,塞维斯和弗里德提出了著名的酋邦理论和分层学说。与此同时,各种具体理论也不断出现,如城市革命、灌溉、贸易和战争。由于单一的因素不能解释国家的产生,因此综合理论应运而生。生态学理论注重利用气象数据并与合理的推测相结合,社会理论则以更具体的权力、意识、个人、性别和团体进行研究,而这些都推动着国家起源理论的发展。     

中国电信市场未来发展趋势研究

通过对西方国家具有代表性的美英两国近年来电信市场引入竞争的开放策略进行对比分析,结合我国电信市场的改革历程和独有特性,指出未来中国电信市场将在政府的规范和监督下,合理进行产业布局,迅速提高电信企业的技术创新和差异化竞争能力,不断增强国际竞争力。     

中外高等教育管理体制比较研究

比较我国与西方国家高等教育管理体制,权力配置模式存在重大差异。在政府与学校关系中,西方国家为学校本位,我国为政府本位;在学校内行政权力与学术权力关系中,西方国家为学术本位,我国为行政本位。我国高等教育管理体制改革的目标是,从政府本位转变到学校本位,从行政本位转变到学术本位。树立"管理就是服务"的观念是转变成功的关键。     

从中西比较的视角论说中国古代宗教信仰与历史的关系

宗教的起源和发展一直是古史研究的重要课题之一。北京师范大学历史学院的古史研究者对古代的宗教与社会问题进行了长期探索,这里发表的五篇文章分别表达了研究者在这个问题上的见解:刘家和认为,比较研究还应继续做同中察异的工作,就宗教与历史之关系而言,中国的三代与古代希腊、罗马本来各不相同;但不论前者的邦国,还是后者的城邦,都有自己的守护之神,这点又是相同的;可是在此之上,前者还有天或皇天上帝,后者则无,原因之一是由于前者在地上有最高的天下共主,而后者则无。杨共乐认为,敬重神灵,墨守礼仪,以敬神束缚民众,以礼仪统一思想,是罗马早期宗教具有的明显的目的性;敬仰民族神明,宽容外邦神灵,又使罗马的宗教传统具有鲜明的独特性和开放性;早期罗马的宗教传统是多神崇拜但有秩序,宽容外神但有原则,主要表现在新的外神从未渗透到罗马旧有宗教的核心,后者一直保持着主导地位。刘林海指出,基督教最初并非罗马的唯一选择,其优势是在历史过程中逐步确立的;罗马传统宗教自我更新的失败则把基督教推向了国教的地位。蒋重跃对《新约》的道德金规则与《论语》的忠恕思想做了比较研究,认为两者都主张博爱。但《新约》的金规则只有肯定式的表达,因为基督教的博爱来自上帝,上帝是无限的,上帝的爱也要无限地向外推出去;《论语》的忠恕思想则既有肯定式,也有否定式的表达,由于儒家的博爱来自人自身,人是有限的,所以人类之爱既可向外推出去,又要向内加以限制。这是二者最根本的差异。王献华在分析雅各布森的相关作品的基础上认为,对早期两河流域宗教的研究和对早期两河流域社会与文化的历史研究必须是合二为一的学术进程;在早期两河流域宗教研究中,神灵史的路径可以认为是下一阶段的学术方向。     

Developing high-technology latecomer firms to compete internationally: A three-sector growth model

In contrast to the mainstream approach, which focuses exclusively on how foreign multinational enterprises move into developing countries, this paper researches how high-technology latecomer multinational enterprises grow from the domestic institutional context into the international market. It draws on the economic development theory and the dynamic capabilities perspective to present a three-sector growth model to understand how high-technology latecomer firms establish themselves in international competition through the interplay of the social sector, the state, and the market. The three sectors may work together when they are pushed by external threats or pulled by internal interests. High-technology latecomer firms, at the stage of “getting there,” would call for the caring hand of the social sector; at the stage of “staying there,” would need the competition of the market; and between these two stages, the discipline of the state.     

Public–private partnerships for e-government in developing countries: An early stage assessment framework

Although public–private partnerships (PPP) and electronic government (e-government) have proven to be fruitful mechanisms for economic development and emerging economies seem to recognize their importance, consistent methods for analyzing the early planning stages of e-government portfolios are lacking. The present work utilized a comprehensive literature review to understand the evaluation criteria for PPP projects throughout the early-stage planning process. A qualitative meta-synthesis was employed to identify critical factors for PPP and e-government, with a particular focus on developing countries, PPP, and e-government criteria. Our research presents a framework named “PPP4e-Gov” (public–private partnerships for e-government). The framework compares risk and value factors of e-government PPP projects and adopts a weighted scoring model that estimates the risks that should be considered in a project and how much value a given e-government initiative may generate if the PPP option is chosen. As an illustration of how the framework may be used, the paper interviewed ten practitioners in Costa Rica who tried out PPP4e-Gov and showcased how to plan their e-government initiatives.     

Three scenarios for the future of work

After presenting a historical overview of the concept of work and the different meanings that it has acquired over the centuries, the author analyses the value it holds for Europeans, and the impact on work and employment of the popular rhetoric about a technological revolution and its “inevitable” consequences. She then considers the future of work in the light of three scenarios: a “dismantling of labour law”, a “technological revolution” (where automation brings an end to employment), and an “environmental transition”. She argues that the latter is compatible with the imperative to take action on climate change and the expectations placed in work and employment.