A computational investigation of conover's kolmogorov-smirnov test for discrete distributions

The tabled significance values of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit statistic determined for continuous underlying distributions are conservative for applications involving discrete underlying distributions. Conover (1972) proposed an efficient method for computing the exact significance level of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for discrete distributions; however, he warned against its use for large sample sizes because “the calculations become too difficult.”

In this work we explore the relationship between sample size and the computational effectiveness of Conover's formulas, where “computational effectiveness” is taken to mean the accuracy attained with a fixed precision of machine arithmetic. The nature of the difficulties in calculations is pointed out. It is indicated that, despite these difficulties, Conover's method of computing the Kolmogorov-Smirnov significance level for discrete distributions can still be a useful tool for a wide range of sample sizes.     

Banking on fewer children: financial intermediation,fertility and economic development

This paper shows that financial intermediation can influence fertility and labor allocation decisions by raising market wages. The increase in wages induces some households to abandon “traditional” labor intensive methods of production managed at the household level and supply labor to “modern” sector firms. Since it is optimal for households in the modern sector to have fewer children, the labor allocation decision leads to lower national fertility. A panel VAR using financial intermediation, fertility and industrial employment share data in 87 countries is estimated. The empirical results show that the data are consistent with the theoretical predictions. Received: 20 October 1997/Accepted: 31 August 1998     

Designing two factor experiments for selecting interactions

This paper considers the problem of devising a single stage procedure for selecting the treatment combination associated with the largest interaction in a two-factor rfx× c experiment having independent normally distributed observations with common known variance. The intuitive procedure based on the best linear unbiased estimators of the population interactions is employed. Initially an indifference zone formulation is used; the problem of determining the least favorable configuration is reduced to a nonlinear programming problem with log concave objective function and a convex polytope as feasible region. A solution technique is introduced in the context of an illustrative example. The problem is also considered using a preferred population formulation; this approach requires a strengthened version of the indifference zone probability requirement. It is shown that the same sample size guarantees this requirement as does the earlier one.     

Procedures for improving the mle for ordered binomial parameters

The problem is that of estimating the probabilities of m independent binomial random variables when their probabilities are known to be nondecreasing and the loss function is squared error. In the cases where the m.l.e. is inadmissible (essentially when the total number of trials is 7 or more) we present a method for modifying the m.l.e. to get a better estimator. The method requires a series of changes. At each step we alter the action taken by the m.l.e. on each of three, appropriately chosen, points in the sample space.     

A class of Shrunken estimators for normal mean

This paper presents a class of estimators for the mean of a normal population and determines the conditions on characterizing scalars under which the class of estimators uniformly dominates over the conventional sample mean according to the mean-square-error criterion.     

积极贯彻“十六大”精神 推进青海民族教育创新

文章认为,作为民族高等院校,要以"三个代表"重要思想为指导,坚持三个面向,狠抓四个创新(思想道德教育创新,教育教学改革创新,教学、科研、管理创新,教师、科研队伍建设创新),不断推进民族高等教育的发展.     

文化力:综合国力竞争的重要内容和强大精神动力

十六大关于文化建设和文化体制改革的论述高度重视文化力和精神力在综合国力竞争中的地位和作用,具有重大意义。文化力的系统构成包括文化创新生产能力、对人民的文化聚合能力、文化产品生产者和消费者的综合素质和精神状态("士气战斗力")、对外部文化的影响力。文化的力量,深深熔铸于民族的生命力、创造力和凝聚力之中。     

坚持“第一要务” 推进“二次创业”

文章论述了党的十六大报告提出的"必须把发展作为执政兴国的第一要务"的重要意义和深刻内涵,提出了发展北仑经济、推进北仑"二次创业"的思路.     

学习十六大精神之我见

学习十六大精神,进一步提高对“三个代表”重要思想的认识,按照“三个代表”重要思想的根本要求保持与时俱进的精神状态,深刻认识全面建设小康社会奋斗目标的重要意义,紧紧围绕这一目标开展各项工作。