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701.
Rapid small business ownership growth rates among women have motivated research on issues related to gender and small business performance. The importance of credit access for the success of small businesses, as well as evidence that women have less access to credit than male business owners, has led researchers to explore the reasons for this. In this paper, we estimate a model of credit rationing by gender of the business owner. Our results are consistent with previous studies that find higher loan denial rates and lower loan application rates among women compared with men. Testing the robustness of the results we find that women seem to be rationing themselves in the credit market rather than being discriminated against by banks. Reasons for this self-rationing behavior are an important topic for further research. 相似文献
702.
This paper empirically evaluates the treatment effect of de facto pegged regimes on the occurrence of currency crises. To estimate the treatment effect of pegged regimes properly, we must carefully control for the self-selection problem of regime adoption because a country's exchange rate regime choice is nonrandom. To address the self-selection problem, we thus employ a variety of matching methods. We find interesting and robust evidence that (1) pegged regimes significantly decrease the likelihood of currency crises compared with floating regimes, and (2) pegged regimes with capital account liberalization significantly lower the likelihood of currency crises compared with other regimes. From the standpoint of the macroeconomic policy trilemma, we can reasonably conclude that pegged regimes with capital account liberalization are substantially less prone to speculative attacks because they can enhance greater credibility in their currencies by maintaining strict discipline for monetary and macroeconomic policies. 相似文献
703.
This paper develops a simple approximation method for computing equilibrium portfolios in dynamic general equilibrium open economy macro‐models. The method is widely applicable, simple to implement, and gives analytical solutions for equilibrium portfolio positions in any combination or types of asset. It can be used in models with any number of assets, whether markets are complete or incomplete, and can be applied to stochastic dynamic general equilibrium models of any dimension, so long as the model is amenable to a solution using standard approximation methods. We first illustrate the approach using a simple two‐asset endowment economy model, and then show how the results extend to the case of any number of assets and general economic structure. 相似文献
704.
It is widely recognized that fragile states are key symptoms of under‐development in many parts of the world. Such states are incapable of delivering basic services to their citizens and political violence is commonplace. As of yet, mainstream development economics has not dealt in any systematic way with such concerns and the implications for development assistance. This paper puts forward a framework for analyzing fragile states and applies it to a variety development policies in different types of states. 相似文献
705.
This paper examines the effect of correlation of observations on estimators of a mean which are designed to guard against the possibility of spurious observations (that is, observations generated in a manner not intended). The mean squared error, premium and protection of these estimators are evaluated and discussed for some specific correlation structures. 相似文献
706.
Jana Jurečková 《Journal of statistical planning and inference》1980,4(3):249-257
Let X1,…,Xn be a sample from a population with continuous distribution function F(x?θ) such that F(x)+F(-x)=1 and 0<F(x)<1, x?R1. It is shown that the power- function of a monotone test of H: θ=θ0 against K: θ>θ0 cannot tend to 1 as θ?θ0 → ∞ more than n times faster than the tails of F tend to 0. Some standard as well as robust tests are considered with respect to this rate of convergence. 相似文献
707.
708.
Stephen B. Vardeman 《Journal of statistical planning and inference》1978,2(3):245-252
Robbins (1956) in his original paper on empirical Bayes methods suggested a method of estimating a binomial success probability. We give explicit bounds for the empirical Bayes risk of natural variants of the Robbins estimator that show convergence to an optimal risk at rate. Bounds that yield the same convergence rate are also obtained in the related compound estimation problem. 相似文献
709.
C.G. Khatri 《Journal of statistical planning and inference》1980,4(1):75-79
This paper extends the idea of Vincze (1978) and unifies the approach for the uniparameter and multiparameter situations for obtaining the Cramér-Rao inequality. 相似文献
710.
Let TM be an M-estimator (maximum likelihood type estimator) and TR be an R-estimator (Hodges-Lehmann's estimator) of the shift parameter Δ in the two-sample location model. The asymptotic representation of √N(TM-TR) up to a term of the order Op(N-) is derived which is valid if the functions Ψ and ? generating TM and TR, respectively, decompose into an absolutely continuous and a step-function components; the order Op(N-) cannot be improved unless the discontinuous components vanish. As a consequence, the conditions under which √N(TM-TR)=Op(N-) are obtained. The main tool for obtaining the results is the second order asymptotic linearity of the pertaining linear rank statistics which is proved here under the assumption that the score-generating function ? has some jump-discontinuities. 相似文献