从《生死场》看萧红的女性意识

《生死场》是萧红在民族兴亡的关头,通过对生与死的探讨,特别是对广大劳动妇女命运的考察和关注,以此对女性生命、生存意义进行挖掘和展现,引起人们对女性解放的追求,以及对女性生存状态的思考,并扩展对国民性的审视,批判其劣根性,以引起疗救的注意。     

2006年,会晤俄罗斯作家记

今天的俄罗斯文学已经不是十月革命前的俄罗斯文学。2006年与俄罗斯多位作家的会晤,深切感受到今天的俄罗斯文学没有了主流文学,呈现出意识形态多元化的局面。作家们在大胆地探索,大量地出书,已经涌现出一批好的作品。我们对今天俄罗斯文学的研究还很不足,需要中国新一代研究人员更加努力。     

元朝科举体制下少数民族教育公平问题研究

元朝由蒙古族建立,蒙古族以＂尚武＂著称。初期,由于统治者对科举考试认识的偏颇,以及政治、经济体制的不完善产生了一系列民族教育公平问题。随着封建统治的逐步巩固,当民族间教育文化水平的差距和民族教育公平问题成为元朝封建统治的主要障碍时,统治者采取实施科举考试、崇儒兴学等策略和方式,以促进民族教育的公平发展进而实现元朝统一政权的形成。虽然在科举考试中统治者采取诸多看起来对汉族士子不公平的＂优惠＂政策,向本民族及其他少数民族＂倾斜＂,但于教育文化水平相对逊色的少数民族而言,统治者能从自身客观角度出发做出这样的决定,也具有一定的历史合理性,应对其进行公正而不失偏颇的评价。     

浅析《名利场》

文章分析小说《名利场》中的阿米丽亚和丽贝卡·夏普完整而鲜活的个性。     

剖析《名利场》中蓓基的另一面

《名利场》是一部批判现实主义作品 ,反映了维多利亚时代的风尚 ,萨克雷对当时虚伪、残忍的英国社会勇敢地表示出一种反叛精神 ,正是在这种精神的指引下 ,萨克雷笔下出现了光彩夺目的叛逆女性———蓓基·夏普。本文通过对蓓基品德的分析 ,展示维多利亚时代女性的处境和社会的本来面目     

公平竞争的伦理学界定

公平竞争是当前学术研究的热点问题,但对公平竞争概念本身却论说寥寥,缺少系统、深入的研究。很难想象,一种真正严密无可辩驳的理论能够不以严密的概念分析为基础。通过考察公平竞争的适用对象发现,公平竞争是合作社会体系中人们之间的利益争胜行为,既有形式要件又有实质要件,即当且仅当有规则且规则为竞争各方认同并遵守,同时又符合善之精神的竞争才是公平的。     

The incidence of subminimum pay among native and immigrant workers

This paper econometrically compares the subminimum wage propensities of immigrants and US natives using 1989 microdata. A conventional expectation is that immigrants are more likely to earn subminimum wages because of their lesser education and knowledge of labor rights. However, immigrants also tend to participate full time in the labor market and field studies suggest they provide employers an 'experienced' labor pool. Indeed, our findings indicate that immigrants by age, sex, and race/ethnic group are less likely than natives to receive subminimum wages. These findings imply that the foreign born do not contribute disproportionately to the informal economy.     

Fair (and not so fair) division

Drawbacks of existing procedures are illustrated and a method of efficient fair division is proposed that avoids them. Given additive participants’ utilities, each item is priced at the geometric mean (or some other function) of its two highest valuations. The utilities are scaled so that the market clears with the participants’ purchases proportional to their entitlements. The method is generalized to arbitrary bargaining sets and existence is proved. For two or three participants, the expected utilities are unique. For more, under additivity, the geometric mean separates the prices where uniqueness holds and where it fails; it holds for the geometric mean except in one case where refinement is needed.      

Rethinking melas as subaltern spaces: Pardhan blacksmiths and some aspects of ‘caste-passing’ in fairs, 1872–1931

Nineteenth-century melas (fairs) were evanescent public spaces that facilitated anonymity and unplanned encounters between castes, classes, men and women. By recognizing caste-passing in various mela clusters, historians gain insights into a range of subaltern debates about caste. Caste-passing involved lower caste adoption of the accouterments of upper castes and threatened social hierarchy. Opaque to police, associational life within fairs signified a society undergoing transformation. The figure of the Pardhan blacksmith embodied the unknowable fair-going crowd. Hailing from an adivasi (indigenous) community in the Central Provinces of India, these blacksmiths attracted police notice. Pardhan blacksmiths deployed their skills towards manufacturing imitation gold; at the fair they passed off as members of upper castes. For the police, Pardhan caste-passing within fairs threatened to unravel taxonomies of tribe and caste, region and religion. It was at the fair that hounded and persecuted Pardhan blacksmiths found some respite from the theft of their lands and labour. Through an analysis of caste-passing, a social history emerges of nineteenth-century fairs in colonial India that foregrounds experiences of those fairgoers who were members of ‘criminal tribes’ persecuted by colonial police, and the plebeian multitude that mingled in melas and participated in anti-caste debates.     

《名利场》中利蓓加的母爱缺失心理原型分析

萨克雷的代表作《名利场》以讽刺势利、批判金钱万能和宣扬仁爱为主旨,描绘了一幅英国上流社会的风景图。幼年时期母亲的缺席、社会环境的影响及自身人格因素,导致女主人公利蓓加对孩子母爱的缺失。家庭环境和社会环境的影响及其相互作用形成的人格特质,使利蓓加渐渐迷失了自己,失去了灵魂深处的本真,成为世人眼中不称职的母亲。