Do youth nonmarital childbearing choices reflect income and relationship expectations?

We hypothesize that teen nonmarital birth events are influenced by adolescent girls’ perceptions of the consequences of their choices. Two such consequences are explored: (1) a teen’s expected future marriage and cohabitation relationships and (2) the present value of expected future income. We also measure the effects of the characteristics of the teen, her prior choices, her family, her neighborhood, and the social and economic environment in which she lives. The results, based on the Michigan Panel Study of Income Dynamics, suggest that teens place greater weight on the relationship consequences than the income consequences, but that both consequences influence their nonmarital birth choices.

浅谈新形势下的计划生育宣传教育工作

宣传教育是贯彻落实计划生育基本国策的中心环节 ,是提高计划生育工作水平 ,实现“两个转变”的根本保证 ,在整个计划生育工作中始终处于首位。因此 ,加强计划生育宣传教育工作势在必行     

计划生育依法行政理论与实践初探

计划生育工作的依法行政是依法治国方略的基本要求 ,是社会主义市场经济发展的必然产物 ,是实现计划生育行政管理职能的重要手段。计划生育行政执法应坚持合法性、合理性和高效率原则。当前存在的问题主要有计划生育行政执法者自身的素质不高 ,管理对象法律意识淡薄以及立法上存在的问题。应加强计划生育执法队伍建设 ,完善立法工作 ,健全执法监督体制 ,提高执法水平     

吉林省县乡计划生育技术服务工作的现状、问题及对策思考

70年代开展计划生育工作以来 ,吉林省在控制人口数量 ,稳定低生育水平方面取得了显著成效。通过对吉林省县乡两级计划生育技术服务站的队伍建设、技术服务设施和工作开展情况的调查 ,发现存在专业技术队伍文化水平偏低、业务素质较差 ;技术设备整体水平较低 ,常规设备不足等问题。针对问题 ,开展“创建优质服务示范县”活动 ,提高技术服务队伍建设 ,改进县乡技术服务站基础设施条件 ,建立适应市场经济体制发展需要的计划生育技术服务站管理体制和机制     

南宁回族源流考

本文通过整理历史文献资料,对广西南宁市回族的历史来源、人口、姓氏等进行了系统的介绍。     

Family structure and the intergenerational transmission of educational advantage

I examine whether the effect of parents’ education on children’s educational achievement and attainment varies by family structure and, if so, whether this can be explained by differential parenting practices. Using data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988, I find that as parents’ education increases, children in single mother families experience a lower boost in their achievement test scores, likelihood of attending any post-secondary schooling, likelihood of completing a 4-year college degree, and years of completed schooling relative to children living with both biological parents. Differences in parents’ educational expectations, intergenerational closure, and children’s involvement in structured leisure activities partially explain these status transmission differences by family structure. The findings imply that, among children with highly educated parents, children of single mothers are less likely to be highly educated themselves relative to children who grow up with both biological parents.     

A cluster analysis of service utilization and incarceration among homeless youth

Our paper examines service usage (e.g., shelter) as well as a typology of individuals who are most likely to use groupings of services among 249 homeless youth. Our results revealed that the majority of homeless young people have used food programs (66%) and street outreach (65%) on at least one occasion within the past year. Cluster analysis of services revealed four distinct groups: (1) basic survival service use, characterized by above average shelter, food, and outreach service use, but below average on counseling, substance abuse/mental health services, and incarceration; (2) multiple service use, which included above average use of all six services; (3) incarceration experience, characterized by above average incarceration experience, but below average use of all other five services; and (4) minimal service use, which included slightly above average use of counseling, but below average use of all other services. These findings have the potential to provide important information that may assist with targeting services to homeless youth.     

中国传统养老模式面临的挑战及多元化养老方式探索

家庭养老模式的产生和发展有其深厚的经济、文化和社会基础。这种养老模式既有其独特的优势又有其自身不可避免的劣势。伴随着我国家庭结构的巨大变化、空巢家庭日益增多、老年人在家庭中主导地位的逐渐丧失、年轻一代养老观念的逐渐淡漠,中国传统养老模式面临严峻的挑战。在这样一个社会变迁、经济发展的大背景下,探索一种依靠老年人、家庭和社区等多种力量的多元化养老模式便成为当下中国社会发展的重要选择。     

Gender and class housework inequalities in the era of outsourcing hiring domestic work in Spain

Many households regularly outsource unpaid domestic labor by purchasing services and products to help with cleaning, cooking, ironing, and other chores. Despite the prevalence of this practice, scholars know little about how it affects inequalities in the time spent on housework. Drawing on data on 3540 dual-earner households in Spain, this article examines the relationship between hiring domestic work and both the within-household gender gap in housework and the class gap in housework among women. I find that women who hire do about 30 min less housework per day than non-hiring women, but in relation to their partners these women continue to do the same share of housework. Using counterfactual analysis, I find that the absence of paid domestic work is associated with a 20% decline in the class gap in housework among Spanish women.     

浅析中国古代的尊老养老体制

尊老养老体制的形成是一个漫长的过程。原始的尊老养老的美德随着父系氏族公社的确立而被“父权家长制”所强化 ,并随着儒家思想在中国封建社会的传扬而成为中国核心伦理的重要组成部分 ,形成一套以家庭养老为主线 ,家庭孝亲、社会尊长和国家的尊老养老制度这三种尊老养老形式并行的尊老养老体制