Adolescents' and Parents' Perceptions of Runaway Behavior: Problems and Solutions

This exploratory study examined runaway adolescents' and parents' perceptions about youth and family life and explored reasons youth run away and what could be done that would help them remain home. Comparisons between adolescents' and parents' reports of family functioning demonstrated significant discrepancies. Few parents assumed any responsibility for the runaway behavior or change efforts. More adolescents blamed themselves or cited difficulties in parent–child relationships and offered ideas that entailed altering their attitudes and behaviors or family relationships. The implications of the findings for interventions and future research efforts are explored.     

The contemporary situation and future possibilities for foster care in Bulgaria

This article explores some of the problems connected with building a system of foster care and family placement in Bulgaria. Based on an analysis of the situation of children at risk, especially that of institutionalized children, some directions are presented here, which could help and support the transition to a system of foster care. The short Bulgarian experience in this sphere, which took place first in the early 1940s, and subsequently after the democratic reforms in 1989, has been the starting point of this analysis, and is proof of the responsibility Bulgaria has taken for establishing a sound working system for children's protection.     

Estimating optimal expenditures on family planning in developing economies

This paper develops an analytical model of the effect of family planningexpenditures on per capita income. The perspective is that of constrained optimization: a predetermined level of overall development resources is to be allocated to family planning programs and alternative uses in the form of expansion of the generalized capital stock (plant and machinery, education and training, and social infrastructure). The principal functions of the model are power forms, so that an explicit solution may be obtained for the optimal ratio of family planning expenditures to overall development resources. Important insights into the nature of this policy question are derived from consideration of the formula. In addition, tentative numerical estimates of the optimal ratio are presented for several developing economies. These estimates suggest that quite a substantial proportion of overall development resources should be allocated to family planning programs in most developing nations. The paper is concluded with a brief evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of the optimization approach to population policy issues.     

关于巩固我国农村地区扶贫成果的若干思考

“九五”期间我国农村地区扶贫开发工作取得了历史性的伟大成就。但应看到 ,从脱贫到实现小康和更为富裕的目标 ,仍有相当长的奋斗历程 ,薄弱的经济基础、脆弱的生态环境、不良的人口状况是影响巩固扶贫成果的主要因素。为此 ,必须认定优化人口状况、持续经济增长和实现可持续发展是巩固扶贫成果的基本途径     

Welfare states, family inequality, and equality of opportunity

Why have countries like Sweden, Norway, Denmark been somewhat more successful than others in terms of creating conditions that foster equality of opportunity? I argue that there are two characteristics of the social-democratic welfare state that have played a role, namely lower social and economic inequality and family policies aimed at equalizing conditions for children during their formative years. It is clear, however, that inequality of opportunity remains an important part of the social landscape in these societies. This is because it is difficult if not impossible to equalize the cultural and social capital of families through public policy.     

中国共产党三代领导人的人口思想

人口问题始终是和中国社会发展密切相关的重要问题。中国共产党三代领导人把马克思主义人口理论与中国实际相结合 ,形成了各具特色的人口思想。毛泽东的人口思想经历了一个曲折发展的过程 ,但他成功地启动了中国的计划生育事业。邓小平将人口纳入现代化总体发展战略 ,把计划生育作为国家的基本国策确立下来。江泽民把人口问题提到可持续发展战略的首要位置 ,把我们对人口与计划生育工作的认识提高到一个新水平 ,形成了大人口观念。     

艺术品经营机构的CFO工作职能探析

在讨论艺术与经济关系的基础之上对艺术机构的不同性质进行了区分,指出了国内艺术机构中CFO的严重缺位。以ISO9001:2000国际质量管理体系为参照,分析了艺术企业的组织机构、CFO的职能范围和工作流程,并据此对艺术机构中CFO的能力素质提出了新的要求。     

国际合作计划生育结合项目可持续发展研究

基于对国际合作计划生育结合项目可持续发展实践的考察和总结 ,重点讨论了结合项目可持续发展的概念和内涵 ,提出结合项目可持续发展的六个要素和建议。     

Ethnic and Gender Differences in Offending Patterns: Examining Family Group Conferencing Interventions among At-Risk Adolescents

This secondary study looked at the importance of ethnicity and gender in influencing the relationship between Family Group Conferencing and (FGC) recidivism. The FGC is a mediation procedure involving offenders, their families, and victims of their crimes in which outcomes of material and emotional restitution are sought. Offenders, randomly sampled to participate in a control or experimental group, were sampled via mail, telephone, and in-person interviews. Data from court records were utilized to obtain recidivism rates over an 18-month period. Multivariate analysis indicated a statistically significant difference between the re-arrest rates of FGC participants and non-participants. Female offenders were more likely to avoid arrest than their male counterparts. This study found that ethnicity was not a statistically significant indicator of re-arrest. The FGC has efficacy for juvenile offenders as (1) a cost-effective method to intervene with offenders in their own communities (2) provides alternatives to formal adjudication for vulnerable populations—females and people of color.The present study was conducted from data collected from the Bethlehem, Pennsylvania Police Department and the Community Service Foundation.     

论维吾尔族的家庭及其变迁

探讨了维吾尔族传统家庭的结构、特征、家庭类型、家庭功能等相关问题,分析了维吾尔族家庭发展的规律和总趋势。