学校教育中传承民族文化存在的问题及对策——以北川羌族自治县的学校教育为例

The Qiang are one of the most ancient ethnic groups in China, and their rich cul-ture is an important part of Chinese culture. Bei-chuan Qiang Autonomous County, in Sichuan province, is a unique Qiang Autonomous County in China, which has an exceptional foundation for transmitting Qiang ethnic culture through school education. However, the county’s transmission of Qiang ethnic culture through school education still faces some problems, such as lack of educational investment, poor teacher resources, lack of ethnic cultural inheritors, and students’ lack of ethnic self-confidence. In view of series dilemmas faced by Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County in trans-mitting Qiang ethnic culture through school educa-tion, this article proposes the following suggestions based on our investigations:1 . Increase the investment in school educa-tion In view of the lack of educational investment, we suggest the following measure be adopted: 1 ) increase educational investment from various levels of the government, especially increasing special in-vestment in transmitting Qiang ethnic culture through school education;2 ) raise funds from the public;3 ) have the schools engage in their own fundraising, and 5 ) make efforts to get foreign aid. 2 . Strengthen the investment in improving teacher resources In view of the problem of poor teacher re-sources, we suggest the following measures: 1 ) strengthen policy support from the national level, and solve the problem of poor teacher resources through training teachers in universities for nation-alities. 2 ) invite Qiang cultural inheritors to be teachers; 3 ) strengthen the technical training of the school teachers, and improve the teachers’ skills;4) add more teacher positions, and improve the treatment of teachers;5 ) encourage teachers to devote their life to the education and inheritance of Qiang culture. 3 . To promote the motivation for studying eth-nic culture In view of the students’ lack of motivation for studying ethnic culture, and the lack of people who go on to inherit the ethnic cultural heritage, we suggest the following: 1 ) Beichuan Autonomous County should help the young Qiang people to be locally employed through developing ethnic econo-mies, and to inherit ethnic culture via developing tourism with ethnic characteristics. 2) Family edu-cation should be closely connected with school edu-cation;3 ) to include an exam on Qiang ethic cul-ture in school entrance examinations in order to re-flect the importance of ethnic culture study;4 ) to add some ethnic culture courses in schools for na-tionalities. 4 . To strengthen the ethnic pride and confi-dence of Qiang students In view of the issue of Qiang students’ lack of ethnic confidence and pride, we suggest the follow-ing:1 ) open Qiang language courses in schools in Qiang areas; 2 ) enlarge the usage range of the Qiang language; 3 ) help students to understand the charm of Qiang culture, and let them feel eth-nic pride. 5 . To standardize and promote a common Qiang language In view of the issue that Qiang have no written language, their spoken language is too complicat-ed, and there are too many dialects, we suggest that the National Languages and Scripts Work Committee should work with Qiang scholars and ex-perts to create a basic dialect of the Qiang-a com-mon Qiang language, which should be promoted in school education, just like mandarin Chinese in school education.     

红色文化增进铸牢中华民族共同体意识的多维向度解析

红色文化是中国革命建设征程的历史凝结,补钙壮骨,通今溯源,与中华民族共同体意识有着严密的耦合逻辑。在政治上,红色文化有利于坚定中国共产党的领导,明晰铸牢中华民族共同体意识的政治前提;在经济上,红色文化彰显社会主义市场经济的民族互惠指向,夯实铸牢中华民族共同体意识的经济基础;在文化上,红色文化标注社会主义先进文化建设的中国底色,聚合中华民族共同体建设的文化动力;在社会上,红色文化促进各民族交往交流交融,提升铸牢中华民族共同体意识的社会认知;在生态上,红色文化有助于建立人与自然交响协奏的生命共同体,筑牢中华民族共同家园的生态底线。     

“文化族别化”的当代困境及其反思

民族识别工作中以客观的民族文化特征作为民族分类的主要依据,导致了人们对民族文化具有独特性、民族之间的文化具有差异性的强调,最终导致了"文化族别化"。"文化族别化"不能解释不同群体之间普遍存在的交往、交流、交融的客观事实,又将地域性的文化转化为具有明确民族归属的民族文化。对"文化族别化"这种社会认识面临的困境展开讨论和反思,有利于申明民族之间存在广泛的文化交流和客观联系。更为重要的是,承认民族之间的交流和联系比刻意地强调民族之间存在的差异更加重要。     

金平傣族多重信仰文化探析

金平傣族是一个跨中越边境而居的特殊族群,可细分为白傣、黑傣、普洱傣以及曼仗傣等四个亚族群。由于历史渊源、分布地域的不同以及社会文化的差异等原因,其信仰文化具有与其他地区的傣族不尽相同的特征。本文在长期深入细致的田野调查的基础上,对金平傣族的多重信仰文化进行初步探析,认为金平傣族的信仰文化呈现出以民间信仰和南传佛教信仰为主、兼有道教文化以及儒家文化信仰的多重信仰文化的特色,这实际上是多种信仰文化长期交融与变迁的结果。这一结论有助于改变以往学界对傣族似为“全民信教”（信仰佛教）或“双重信仰”（民间信仰与佛教信仰）的简单化认识。     

《尘埃落定》英译本对我国民族文化安全的危害

以葛浩文（Howard Goldblatt）和林丽君（Sylvia Li-chun Lin）翻译的《尘埃落定》英译本为研判个案,通过文本对比剖析发现,《尘埃落定》原文本中书写的藏族文化在英译本中被严重扭曲、歪曲、颠覆,变得面目全非,中国民族文化安全受到严重危害。为维护国家安全,对有危国家民族文化安全的翻译行为,应及时干预、做出纠正。建议成立外译中国图书译稿审察委员会,对译稿从国家安全和翻译质量方面进行严格审察,把好海外出版关,铸牢国家文化安全底线,加强文化自觉,提升文化自信,铸牢中华民族共同体意识。     

传承中的再造：羌族口头传统的文化生境及特征

口耳相传的口头传统构成了羌族传统文化的主体内容,其特征表现在内容的丰富性、内部文化的差异性、传承形态的宗教性、文化影响的多元性等方面。这些特征既是羌族民众基于深厚的历史传统中传承生成的,也是在与多元文化互动共融中不断进行合理性改造中达成的。传承中的再造构成了羌族口头传统生成与发展的内在动力。     

论道光年间滇南地区土司“文化治边”之举措——以《滇事杂档》史料为中心

道光年间滇南地区土司依靠清王朝授予的诰敕、号纸、印信等信物取得合法统治权之后,他们通过治边文化软实力的浸润,采取多种举措体现自己的权力象征,以实现“文化治边”的目标。具体而言,“文化治边”举措有四：一是在物质文化方面,土司衙署的建立;二是在制度文化方面,印信号纸的获得;三是在行为文化方面,土司法令的施行;四是在精神文化方面,表征系统、话语体系和意识形态等文化权力结构的建立。《滇事杂档》相关史料中以文治和教化等文化权力表征体系来治理滇南土司地区的思想,既是对清代中期官僚政治的认识与理解,又是对道光年间土司文化治权的阐述和诠释。     

大众文化时代的审美生态与美学转向

20世纪美学从以美的本质为重心转向以审美经验的探讨为重心,在关注艺术美的同时强调审美经验和审美心理本身的意义。大众文化的主流化发展和审美化弥散,使当代美学走出经典美学的认识论路径、本体论路径和心理学路径,进入新的理论整合期,艺术哲学的视野明显扩大,并形成与生活世界的双向互动和深度沟通;审美风尚逐渐偏重功利性,世俗性的审美趣味基本取代了崇高与理想,严格自律的审美观念正在被一种泯灭了界限的泛审美观念取代。日常生活意志的感性需求持续高涨和精神崇高性的失落尽管不是绝对对立的,但是这其中潜藏着的审美文化超越性消退的危机值得关注。审美生态的更替与当下关怀的世俗性、身体美学的可能与审美体验的纵深性、大众文化的张力与审美观念的生成性,成为现代性转向后的题中之义。     

全球化冲击下的亚洲城市文化

全球化为亚洲各个地区、民族和国家的社会经济发展提供了前所未有的机遇,但也使亚洲各国城市文化遇到极大的挑战。在全球化的过程中,文化多样性最能体现一个大都会的特殊性格。作为文化多元并存的一个地区,亚洲城市文化在发展和进步的过程中必须正视文化个体的差异性和文化元素的多样性,通过有意识地组合、协调与平衡,在全球化进程中找到自己的位置并发扬光大。     

藏族民俗文化中海螺的民俗符号解读——以口承语言民俗为参照

本文利用民俗符号学原理,以口承语言民俗为参照,从海螺在藏族物质民俗、社会民俗、精神民俗中的具体体现入手,进行归纳整理,力图解读出海螺作为表现体,在藏族民俗符号系统结构中体现的多元文化信息,进而挖掘出其中蕴舍的藏民族独有的审美理想和价值追求.