失业统计指标比较及其改进

失业问题日益成为宏观经济管理中的重大问题,高估或低估失业率都可能导致政策失当,影响社会稳定和经济发展。中国现行失业统计指标存在诸多问题如失业人员界定狭隘、统计口径仅限于非农业人员、官方公布的数据仅为城镇登记失业率、统计外延过窄、数据时效性差。应本着实事求是、循序渐进、分项统计、时效性的原则完善中国失业统计指标体系,即失业统计指标体系应由单一的城镇登记失业率改为城镇登记失业率和调查失业率共同组成。     

论埃弗瑞蒙德侯爵的设置与误读--兼说《双城记》的题旨表现

埃弗瑞蒙德侯爵的设置,被认为揭示了大革命爆发的原因和革命的正义性.文章以为这是一种误读.从历史的角度看,侯爵这一人物缺乏真实性.从艺术角度看,侯爵的设置是为了对应苔瑞丝,体现一种恶,从而否定暴力和仇恨,张扬仁慈博爱的人道主义题旨.     

Public support for the social rights and social obligations of the unemployed: Two sides of the same coin?

In light of the ever‐growing shift towards activation in European welfare states, the present article examines the relationship between citizens’ welfare generosity (i.e., support for social rights) and welfare conditionality (i.e., support for social obligations) with regard to the unemployed. Using data from the 2014 Belgian National Elections Study, we found that generosity and conditionality appear to be two sides of the same coin. The two factors are negatively correlated, and most of their respective attitudinal drivers are quite similar in strength, yet opposite in direction. In addition to self‐interest and conventionally recognised ideational beliefs, such as egalitarianism and individualism, beliefs about welfare deservingness – an explanatory factor that has remained understudied in the field – are particularly influential in shaping people’s welfare preferences. A stronger emphasis on criteria of deservingness such as control, attitude and reciprocity considerably lowers support for social rights and strengthens support for social duties.     

Personally affected,politically disaffected? How experiences with public employment services impact young people's political efficacy

Unemployment experiences can have consequences for how people think about democracy and where they stand vis‐à‐vis the state. We investigate how young people's experiences with public employment services can shape levels of external political efficacy—the feeling that decision‐makers are responsive to citizen needs. The personal and direct experiences one gathers at this pivotal time in life can also leave their mark on political attitudes. We analyze an original dataset on German youth to test how encounters with such agencies affect young people's political efficacy, finding that perceptions of helpfulness and being treated fairly and with respect increase the likelihood of being politically efficacious. The findings highlight the importance of personal experiences and bureaucratic interactions for vulnerable young people's democratic attitudes.     

高职院校应届毕业生未就业成因调查与研究——以南华工商学院为例

通过对南华工商学院2011年应届未就业毕业生进行问卷式调查及分析,从毕业生层面掌握到了一些应届毕业生未就业的深层次原因,并提出了思考与建议。     

农业资本主义演进的法国式道路

近代农业向资本主义关系的演进形式,由于世界各国具体历史条件的不同,而呈现出多样性和不平衡性的特征."革命的法国范式"是欧洲中世纪比较典型的在封建土地所有制基础上发展近代农业资本主义的演进道路,这种建立在小块土地所有制基础上的小农资本主义经济缺乏农民与土地分离的退出机制,不仅"剪断了法国农村资本主义的翅膀",而且严重地阻碍和拖延了法国从传统农业国转变为现代工业国的历史进程.当代法国农业资本主义发展的主要特征是家族化、商业化、资本化、区域化、专业化、产业化、公司化、社会化、合作化及农民职业化交织在一起,既保持了欧洲大陆地区农业生产的传统特点,又顺应了当今世界农业国际化、一体化发展的新趋势,走出了一条独具特色的农业现代化道路.     

Intergenerational effects of further vocational training in Germany

ABSTRACT

This article analyses the influence of unemployed parents’ further vocational training on their children’s future apprenticeship and employment opportunities. We focus on households receiving means-tested benefits in Germany and investigate whether parents’ further vocational training helps avoid an intergenerational transmission of unemployment. Parents’ further vocational training can affect children’s future apprenticeship and employment opportunities directly, for instance by raising the value attributed to education and training within the family. Indirect effects via parents’ improved employment opportunities are possible as well. The sample consists of adolescents who were 14–17 years old when their parents participated in a further vocational training programme. We evaluate apprenticeship and employment outcomes for the young adults at ages 17–23 using entropy balancing methods on the basis of rich large-scale register data. Our findings indicate significantly positive effects of parents’ further vocational training on children’s apprenticeship enrolment but non-significant or negative effects on children’s regular employment at young ages. Moreover, mediation analysis gives evidence that these effects are partly mediated via an increase in parents’ own employment opportunities. Overall, our analyses indicate that parents’ further vocational training improves the qualifications of the next generation as well.     

关于我国的结构性失业分析与治理

本文分析了结构性失业的原因 ,论证了在摩擦失业、结构失业和总量失业中 ,结构失业是我国当前的主要矛盾 ,并提出了相应的治理对策     

Can welfare and labour market regimes explain cross‐country differences in the unemployment of young people?

No single institution can reduce (long‐term) youth unemployment. Welfare and labour market institutions function as “bundles”, through multiple inter‐institutional synergies. Based on a focused literature review for theory and on cluster analysis for empirics, the author identifies five such regimes across the EU‐27 and estimates their effects on the youth unemployment ratio and on long‐term youth unemployment. The most helpful institutional arrangement for young people in the labour market would be a combination of strong dual apprenticeship embedded in a corporatist labour market regime with high levels of social security, active labour market policy, and spending on education and childcare.     

Capital limits: social class,motivations for term-time job searching and the consequences of joblessness among UK university students

Youth unemployment figures include large numbers of full-time students, yet student joblessness receives very little academic attention, especially at a qualitative level. Despite being relatively less deleterious than youth unemployment more broadly, we show that student unemployment remains an important site for the practice and reinforcement of social inequality. Using a Bourdieusian framework to analyse interviews with 27 undergraduate students who have been unsuccessful in term-time job searching, we expose some of the limits to the extent that social and cultural capital can be converted into positive employment outcomes. Importantly, the data reveal that it is (lack of) access to material and economic resources that is most significant in ensuring that both the experience of unemployment and, concomitantly, the experience of university, in yet another way, remain highly structured by social class. These divisions shape the imperative and timing of the need to work, and also underpin nuances in respect of desires and needs in how students talk about their motivations for part-time work. These should be important considerations if policy-makers want to create a genuinely meritocratic system or deliver equitable psychological and material well-being.