我国失业问题的理性思考

随着政府机构改革和国有企业改革的不断深化,失业问题日益成为大家关注的热点问题,也成为影响我国改革、发展和稳定的重要因素.为解决失业问题,国家应加快劳动力市场建设,加强职业技术教育,尽快建立和完善失业保险制度;失业人员也应转变旧的择业观念,积极创业.     

关于伯克保守主义的思考四则

爱德蒙·伯克是西方保守主义的鼻祖 ,近年来 ,开始受到我国学术界的关注。本文试图回答四个基本问题 ,得出以下结论 :伯克主要著作的书名应译为“关于法国革命的感想”之类为好 ;伯克所说的democra cy应译为“平民政体” ,它与我们今天所理解的“民主制”有很大的不同 ;伯克没有发现法国革命的资产阶级性质 ,却第一个发现其彻底反传统的性质 ;西方重视研究伯克 ,既受其学术传统的影响 ,又受到政治气氛的强烈影响     

Sense of coherence during unemployment

The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between different forms of hardship during unemployment and the sense of coherence (SOC). These hardships were considered in the framework of the finances–shame model, which has been developed to help provide a greater understanding of why unemployment is so painful to some whilst others are hardly affected by it. The hypothesis in this study was that the greater the financial hardships during unemployment and the more a person has been subjected to shaming by others because they are unemployed, the lower his or her SOC will be, and vice versa. The empirical data were collected by means of a cross-sectional survey of 1,249 unemployed people in a region in southern Sweden who at the time of the survey were engaged in some form of labour-market training or workfare programme. The dropout rate was 23%. The results from the study lent strong support to the finances–shame model. Among those who were exposed to a greater degree of financial hardship and also had more shaming experiences, the mean SOC score was 42.14 for women and 42.41 for men. The corresponding figures for those facing a lesser degree of financial hardship and with fewer shaming experiences were 67.10 and 66.66 respectively, i.e. figures which are on a par with or somewhat higher than for population studies covering the whole population.     

Political Participation of Local Publics in the Unemployment Field: A Comparison of Lyon and Turin

This article focuses on political participation of local publics in the unemployment field, examining networks of collective actors in Lyon and Turin. Our main question is: Is the participation of local publics fostered under conditions of more developed governance that increases bottom-up access (formal or informal) to elites and institutions in the policy domain? Drawing upon the most recent developments in literatures on social movement theory, governance and network analysis, this article discusses the main variations in terms of political participation of local publics in Lyon and Turin. It then enquires into the main explanatory factors accounting for these variations, thus showing that the openness of governance does influence the level of political participation of local publics. The main argument is that in an open context participation is low, while in a closed (or underdeveloped) context local publics participate more, with differential access to decision-making according to their resources.     

我国台湾就业保障体系与失业保险制度的演进

我国台湾就业保障体系在20世纪50—90年代偏重于就业服务、职业培训,以此提高民众的就业能力。随着岛内经济转轨不成功,失业率大幅攀升,才被迫于1999年正式实施失业保险制度。面对新形势台湾地区就业保障体系与失业保险制度将面临更严峻的挑战。     

适时地推进国有企业劳动就业体制的转换

“下岗”是一种“准显性失业” ,再就业工程只是一种具有过渡意义的特殊的社会保障制度 ,因此 ,存在着局限性。这些局限性不可避免地导致了在再就业工程的实施中 ,“隐性就业”与下岗职工“生活保障权利虚置” ,所以 ,必须有步骤地采取措施 ,推进国有企业劳动就业机制的完全转换。     

关于中国NEET的分析

文章通过分析中国的NEET(notineducation.employ-mentortraining)状况,认为中国NEET族人数众多,并从其产生原因着手,认为中国NEET有进一步增加的趋势,在分析可能带来的危害之后,对解决办法提出简单的对策建议。     

Prevalence rate of DSM mental disorders among adolescents living in residential group homes of the French Child Welfare System

Purpose

To determine the prevalence of some major mental disorders among adolescents living in a residential group home and the distribution of these disorders by gender.

Method

The participants included 183 adolescents (13–17 years old) living in residential group homes of the Child Welfare System in the county of Bouches-du-Rhône (South of France). A structured psychiatric Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children was used to assess the existence of Anxiety Disorder (AD), Major Depression (MD), Conduct Disorder (CD), Eating Disorder (ED), Enuresia (En), Psychosis Screen (PS) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among the study participants over the six-month period before the assessment was taken. The existence of Suicide Attempts (SA) during the lifetime of each child was also assessed.

Results

Of the youths qualified, 48.6% as having at least one psychiatric disorder during the last six months (AD: 28.4%; CD: 15.3%; MD: 14.8%; PS: 18.6%; ADHD: 3.8%), and SA have been reported in 23% of them. Females were more affected than boys (p < 0.001) with 64.9% having at least one disorder compared to 36.8% of boys; AD: 49.3% vs. 13.2%; and MD: 27.3% vs. 5.6%.

Conclusion

Adolescents living in residential group homes of the Child Welfare System in France have notably high rates of mental disorder (about three times more than those of the general population of the same age), similar to the patterns found in adolescents in North America and Europe. These data are the first of their kind in France and will guide necessary changes to the child welfare system.     

Unemployment compensation and the use of social assistance among second-generation immigrants in Sweden

Previous studies have shown that the participation of first-generation immigrants in the Swedish income security system deviates from that of the native population. However, so far there has been no research that has focused on this issue where second-generation immigrants are concerned. This study shows that the rates of participation in different parts of the income security system vary considerably between different groups of second-generation immigrants. Second-generation immigrants whose parents come from Western Europe have low participa-tion rates in all the studied parts of the income security system. Their participation rates are even lower than for natives with both parents born in Sweden. Second-generation immigrants with parents from southern Europe and from outside Europe, on the other hand, have very high participation rates in especi-ally social assistance. The differences between the groups are of course to a great extent explained by differences in their labour market situation. According to the findings of the study, there are reasons to be concerned about the future labour market integration of second-generation immigrants with parents of non-European origin.     

法国大革命时期全民公决的实践及其意义

现代全民公决制度肇始于法国大革命时期,研究这一时期全民公决的实践活动对于我们系统探讨全民公决制度是大有裨益的。尽管由于公民参与率低下、信息的匮乏及没有采取秘密投票方式等原因使法国大革命时期全民公决的意义大打折扣,但这一时期的实践活动却使全民公决制度在法国获得了合法性,从而为这一制度在全世界范围内的发展奠定了基础。