对比较文学法国学派的再认识

作为比较文学发展的第一个阶段 ,法国学派的贡献具有里程碑式的意义。尤其是它为规范学科所创立的一整套严密的研究体系迄今仍在学术界发挥着巨大作用。然而 ,围绕这一学派还存在着一些认识上的误区 ,其中最为突出的误区集中表现在实证主义方法的两个层面上 ,这是我们今天对法国学派进行再认识时需要认真清理的重要问题。只有这样 ,我们才能完整地认识法国学派 ,并对比较文学学科的建设起到有益的推进作用     

法国宪政之路的社会结构分析

法国大革命前的社会结构决定了法国宪政道路的曲折与反复,法国大革命表现出来的种种迹象、特征与宪政之路的反复说明了当时支持宪政的社会基础并没有真正形成。大革命的后果是为市民社会的发展铺平了道路,标志着宪政之路刚刚开始。在近一个世纪的革命与反复中,随着社会基础的成长,宪法走向稳定。     

戴望舒诗歌外来影响的多元性

戴望舒是中国现代著名诗人、译作家。他的诗歌艺术在不同时期显现出很大的差异性,这种差异性与他在各个时期所受的不同外来影响是有紧密联系的。因此,分析戴望舒诗歌外来影响的多元性是必要的。纵观戴望舒一生的文学活动,我们可以发现,他的诗歌所受的外来影响存在着多元性。本文论述了戴望舒诗歌不同时期所受的主要外来影响:法国浪漫派,法国象征派,国际无产阶级文学运动和苏联文学,法国现代派和西班牙诗歌。     

Why are Swedes sick but Finns unemployed?

While the Finnish and Swedish social security systems are structurally quite similar, the two countries show marked differences both in the recipiency rates of sickness and work disability benefits and in the level of open un­employment. In Sweden, the usage of sickness-related benefits since the beginning of the 1990s has varied in inverse relation to the level of registered unemployment, whereas in Fin­land, recipiency rates of sickness and work disability benefits have remained fairly constant, registered unemployment having typically been more than twice the Swedish level. Using the available statistical data, the article explores the differences in the prevalences of sickness, work disability and unemployment benefits between Sweden and Finland. Factors that may explain the divergence between the two countries are sought and interpreted from the long-term differences in welfare-state strategies and the structural features of the social security systems under investigation.     

平民意识和绅士情结的双重变奏--狄更斯《双城记》倾向性的二重性

狄更斯思想与创作中有一个理不开、扯不断的矛盾,一方面,他在感情上始终倾向于平民社会,对底层人民的苦难感同身受,在作品中表现了出自内心的最深切的同情;另一方面,他在人生理念上却又表现出对上流社会的思想方式与行为方式的欣赏,并苦心孤诣地在其作品中勾画出一幅温情脉脉的社会改良方案,倾注了他的人生理想。     

相对过剩经济条件下的失业及其治理

我国在经济转轨时期 ,过早地出现经济过剩现象。这种过剩加剧了人口就业的压力 ,使失业问题变得更加严峻。实施经济增长与就业增长同步的发展战略 ,增加国内有效需求 ,加快经济结构调整 ,是在经济过剩条件下治理失业问题的有效措施     

多重断裂的可写性文本——评《法国中尉的女人》

罗兰·巴特在其随笔《S/Z》中把文本分为可读文本和可写文本,其中可写文本是指断裂的 、可从多个入口进入的可再创造性文本。《法国中尉的女人》中存在多重断裂,读者可从不 同的断裂点切入文本,填补文本留下的意义空白,而文本的多视角和多结局又为文本的可写 性提供了契机,使文本成为真正的可写性文本。     

Youth, unemployment and political marginalisation

The article investigates the impact of being unemployed on political marginalisation among young people. Are unemployed youth politically marginalised compared with employed youth? Is the impact of unemployment on political marginalisation related to the development of the welfare state? Based on Marshall’s concept of social citizenry, and Esping‐Andersen’s theory of decommodification politics, the impact of unemployment on political marginalisation was expected to be least in the most‐developed welfare states. In these countries, welfare policies were expected to counteract marginalisation among the unemployed. The analyses were based on the Eurobarometer survey Young Europeans from 1990. Three aspects of political marginalisation were investigated: political confidence, political interest and political extremism. Unemployed youth express less confidence in politics, they talk less about politics and they more frequently support revolutionary political ideas, compared with employed youth. The greatest difference in political confidence between unemployed and employed is found in Great Britain, while Italy represents a deviant case where the unemployed have more confidence than the employed. The development of the welfare state does not appear to be a crucial factor for political confidence among the unemployed.     

The awakening of the body: “Film as Sensation” in the first French avant-garde

ABSTRACT

This article examines the notion of “Film as Sensation” in the first French avant-garde. It begins by exploring the meaning of this notion in a series of key films and aesthetic statements by Germaine Dulac, Jean Epstein, Pierre Porte, Henri Chomette, Jean Tedesco, and Réne Clair. Contrary to Gilles Deleuze’s account of the work of this school as Cartesian in spirit, this article seeks to demonstrate that it operates a fusion between the senses, disruption, and criticism: the three elements coming together to produce a new, integral art form. Walter Benjamin’s views on the tactile and the absent minded public of film, and Henri Bergson’s critique of time and movement in cinema are also discussed, with the latter being shown to be a key philosophical influence. The essay ends with an analysis of some films by Abel Gance, Marcel Duchamp, and Fernand Léger. It is concluded that the idea of “Film as Sensation” entrained a significant development in thinking about the mediation of perception that, once recovered from the oblivion to which it has been consigned, can help bring film theory to a reconsideration of the senses and a new attention to the aesthetics of filmic sensation.     

Family challenges created by unemployment

The detrimental effects of job loss and unemployment are not limited to the unemployed worker but ripple out to affect those closest to him or her. These ripple effects most notably impact the unemployed worker’s family, including a spouse or partner and/or children. Previous research related to the impacts on marital or partner relationships and families and the particular effects of unemployment on children is explored. Financial or economic stressors and strain brought about by job loss; the effects of stress and reduced mental health among unemployed workers and their spouses; and protective resources for coping with job loss are also discussed. The impact on children, in particular their mental health, development, and educational/human capital attainment are outlined. Implications for future interventions and unemployment policy are highlighted.