就业与职业对农民工侵财型犯罪的影响分析——基于G省1590位农民工的调查

农民工侵财型犯罪日益严重,逐渐成为城市管理的一个难题。通过对G省三大监狱及A市三个行政区抽样调查的1 590个样本进行分析,着重研究农民工就业状况、职业类型与农民工侵财型犯罪之间的关系。通过Logistic回归分析发现,农民工侵财型犯罪的主要原因在于城市歧视性就业政策对农民工的长期影响,从而导致部分文化水平较低的农村剩余劳动力在城市长期处于失业或无业状态。此外,农民工个体的年龄、收入对是否发生侵财型犯罪行为影响较小。     

Predicting unemployment: Occupational aspiration–achievement discrepancy as a risk factor in Norwegian young adults

Research on risk of unemployment has focused primarily on the importance of individual assets, such as level of education achieved and personal characteristics. This study investigated whether a discrepancy between current occupational position and occupational aspirations predicts unemployment. Achieving occupational aspirations may be highly important for young people in Western societies. The analyses were conducted using longitudinal survey data linked to register data on 1,681 Norwegian young adults. The results showed that being in an occupation with lower status than the occupation to which one aspires significantly predicts the risk of later unemployment. The findings accord with research suggesting that a mismatch between employees’ subjective expectations and their actual job situation has negative consequences. For example, failure to acquire a job that matches one's expectations may lead to unemployment either through proactive behaviour, such as quitting a current job to find a new one, or through giving up, such as withdrawing from work.     

Constructing Unemployment: Britain and France in Historical Perspective

Unemployment emerged as a specific social issue in the late‐19th century, but the nature of the threat it posed and the governing instruments available to address it varied widely. Using Britain and France as strongly contrasting cases, this article demonstrates the variable and historically contingent constructions of unemployment as a problem, and demonstrates how policy to address it was developed using administrative agencies that embodied specific, normative visions of how society and employment should operate. The different governing trajectories through which the issue was tackled is analyzed in terms of the context within which the problem of unemployment originally emerged. The article demonstrates the socio‐political nature of unemployment's construction and, with reference to recent labour market change, questions its utility as a means of assessing economic or social well‐being.     

自由革命的专制命运：托克维尔的未完成革命著述

托克维尔在关于法国大革命与拿破仑的未完成著述中讨论了大革命中自由和平等的张力以及革命的政治动力。在作为大革命第一阶段的1787-1789年的自由革命中,由激进的民主自由观念推动的阶级斗争逐步压倒了贵族自由和精英自由观念。王权的削弱和相关的错误决策加剧了阶级斗争并强化了革命意识形态,民众暴力的介入推动了革命的激进化,导致革命在内部分裂和权力斗争中走向恐怖。大革命后期,法国人既厌倦革命和政治的动荡,又热爱革命带来的平等和利益,继承了革命平等而抛弃了自由的拿破仑得到了法国人的拥戴。同时,托克维尔揭示了革命和拿破仑的个人统治如何继承了旧制度的政治文化遗产,特别是国家主义。     

政府行为与废科举后举贡生员的出路问题

科举制的废除带来了一系列的社会问题,举贡生员的出路问题只是其中一个直接和显性的社会问题。在考虑和解决这一问题上,清政府是积极和重视的,也是有所作为,自觉采取了一些措施来保证他们的出路;同时,清政府还提供机会,支持和认可举贡生员从事其他合法的活动。解决举贡生员的出路问题,保证了他们的生存和发展,推动了其职业分化和社会流动。但是,清政府解决这一问题也存在一些缺陷和不足。     

Compositional Changes of the Labor Force and the Icrease of the Unemployment Rate: An Estimate for the United States

This article estimates how demographic changes in the composition of the labor force affect the unemployment rate in the United States. In addition to the effect from changes in the weights of the individual groups composing the total, the impact of compositional changes on the individual unemployment rates is estimated by using a dummy-variables model and incorporated into the estimate on the overall unemployment rate. The results suggest that the incorporation of the latter effect is significant. Indedd, the estimates presented in this article are almost twice as high as those provided by the fixed-weight method used in previous studies.     

清末人眼中的“法国大革命”

清朝末年,西方历史、地理知识在中国广泛传播及时人出于政治主张的考量,大量翻译、著述、宣传法国大革命,逐渐建构起“法国大革命”的印象,也从另一个视野反映了辛亥革命前夜中国社会变动的一斑。     

河南省失业保险制度存在的问题及对策

河南省失业保险制度目前存在失业保险覆盖面较窄、失业保险基金短缺、失业保险管理体制混乱、重救济而轻培训等诸多问题,可通过扩大失业保险覆盖面、扩大资金来源渠道、完善失业保险管理体制、推进再就业工程等措施加以完善。     

欧洲社会政策的积极化转型

从政治学的视角对过去二十年中大部分经合组织国家发生的积极化转型提出一些解释,可以更好地理解发生这一转型的原因。概括起来,主要有三个因素：　在经合组织经济体中劳动力市场的后工业化发展;其他途径在解决大规模失业问题上的无能为力;政党想通过创新性和现代化的劳动力市场改革来树立声名的愿望。这一观点在丹麦、英国、荷兰、瑞典、德国、法国和意大利等七个欧洲国家所经历的发展轨迹中得到展现。     

Re‐thinking Indigenous over‐representation in prison

It is now nearly two decades since the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody recommended that a determined effort be made by all Australian Governments to reduce the level of Indigenous over‐representation in prison. The disparity between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous imprisonment rates, however, is now wider than it has ever been. This article reviews research published over the last twenty years which calls into question both the Royal Commission's analysis of the causes of Indigenous over‐representation in prison and subsequent policies adopted to reduce it. It concludes by arguing that future efforts to reduce Indigenous over‐representation in prison should be directed at dealing with the underlying causes of Indigenous involvement in crime, especially drug and alcohol use, child neglect and abuse, poor school performance and unemployment.