中国失业保险制度的法制化建设

中国失业保险制度正处在进一步完善阶段.借鉴国外失业保险制度的成熟经验,建立符合我国国情的多渠道保险金筹集与双重失业保障相结合的失业保险制度,是我们努力的方向.我们要在坚持受益人权利与义务相统一、对失业者适度保险和对失业者积极保障原则的基础上,逐步构建中国失业保险法体系.     

India's Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Act: Assessing the quality of access and adequacy of benefits in MGNREGS public works

The extension of social protection to all has become a central policy objective, both nationally and internationally. A considerable number of middle‐ and low‐income countries have undertaken substantial efforts to extend social protection, while the international community reaffirmed its commitment to the extension of social protection through the adoption of the ILO Recommendation concerning National Floors of Social Protection, No. 202 (2012). This article reviews the legal provisions and the implementation of the Indian Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), legislated in 2005, and does so in the light of the more recent provisions of ILO Recommendation No. 202. Since its introduction ten years ago, MGNREGA has provided a source of income to rural workers, increased wage rates, achieved high female participation rates and created durable assets. India's local governance bodies, Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI), have been empowered and involved in the processes of planning and monitoring. However, despite successes, there have been considerable shortcomings in implementation. This article highlights two central themes: first, the innovative policy framework of the Act, which brings together rights‐based entitlements, demand‐driven employment, and citizen‐centred monitoring. Second, it assesses the accessibility and adequacy of benefits in the implementation of MGNREGA. We conclude that MGNREGA offers potential for South‐South learning, both in terms of policy‐design and implementation.     

法国新小说对中国先锋小说叙事手法的影响

20世纪50年代崛起的法国新小说派对中国当代先锋小说产生了很大的影响。主要表现在弱化小说的人物和情节、“故事套故事”的写法和小说元素的再现三个方面。对中国小说不断融进世界文学的有机成分,形成自己的新的艺术表征具有重要意义。     

加强宏观调控 有效控制失业

改革开放以来,我国成为世界上经济增长速度最快的国家,但我国的失业问题相当严重,其发展的潜在趋势不容乐观。就我国当前的失业形势进行了分析,并提出相应的控制对策。     

《法国民法典》对“独立担保”制度的确立——法国民事立法新特点之实例解读

2006年3月起《法国民法典》正式将"独立担保"确认为一种"人的担保",不仅丰富了大陆法系的立法例,而且也集中展现了进入新世纪法国民事立法改革的特点——以我为主,适应实务。法国"独立担保"的立法,无论对于担保制度的研究还是世界民法新动态的研究而言,都具有重要的比较法意义。     

中共“一大”为什么选在上海法租界举行——一个城市社会史的考察

1921年以前,在上海城区中,较之公共租界、华界南市与闸北,法租界在城市化进程中占有后发优势。1914年,法租界面积大扩张、城墙拆除、洋泾浜填平,使得法租界与城厢内外、公共租界连成一片;法租界城区规划严格,环境幽雅,人口密度低,地价便宜;1916年袁世凯去世后,政治上也比较安全。这样,法租界便获得空前发展机会,成为对政治精英、文化精英很有吸引力的地方。国民党政治精英包括孙中山、章太炎、李书城等集中居住在这里;宣传社会主义的文化精英,包括中共一大实际筹备人陈独秀、李汉俊、李达也集中居住在这里。法租界俄侨众多的特点,也为帮助中共一大举行的吴廷康、马林、尼科尔斯基等外国人活动提供了方便。这些因素集合在一起,使得法租界成为中共一大举行的比较理想的场所。     

An Equilibrium Theory of Learning,Search, and Wages

We examine the labor market effects of incomplete information about the workers' own job‐finding process. Search outcomes convey valuable information, and learning from search generates endogenous heterogeneity in workers' beliefs about their job‐finding probability. We characterize this process and analyze its interactions with job creation and wage determination. Our theory sheds new light on how unemployment can affect workers' labor market outcomes and wage determination, providing a rational explanation for discouragement as the consequence of negative search outcomes. In particular, longer unemployment durations are likely to be followed by lower reemployment wages because a worker's beliefs about his job‐finding process deteriorate with unemployment duration. Moreover, our analysis provides a set of useful results on dynamic programming with optimal learning.     

论失业保险的制度创新

失业保险的特点是失业保险制度建立和完善的依据。目前我国失业保险面临巨大资金缺口 ,主要原因是因为没有根据失业保险的特点采取有针对性的措施 ,导致扩大覆盖面和资金收缴困难。因此要把握失业保险直接性、强制性、互济性、权利与义务相对应的特点 ,在失业保险资金筹集、支付、管理上进行制度创新 ,以促进“十五”规划的顺利完成     

近代上海法租界与法册道契

法租界为近代上海城市的重要组成部分,租界屡屡出现的越界筑路与外国人经常性的越界租地,彼此交织.以往的论述多聚焦于越界筑路,视其为租界扩张之前奏,实际上大量的越界租地更具有蚕食性.法册道契作为在法租界内执业之主要凭证,在诸多方面起着关键作用.从总体上说,法册道契的发放与法租界的扩张过程是一致的,但透过对道契档案的解读,可以更清晰地揭示法租界从设立到扩张的诸多细节及其微妙关系.     

Reducing unemployment? Examining the interplay between active labour market policies

Active labour market policies (ALMP) are important tools that welfare states utilize to influence the labour market. This study analyses the macroeconomic effects of different types of ALMP spending on aggregate unemployment rates, and especially if there is evidence of interdependencies between policies. The types of policies scrutinized are public employment services (PES), training programs, public job creation and subsidized employment, where the PES is singled out as a crucial factor that moderates the effects of other types of labour market programs. The study examines 19 welfare states between 1985 and 2013, using error correction modelling to separate between short‐ and long‐term effects. The results indicate that PES, training and subsidized employment reduce unemployment in the short‐run, whereas PES and wage subsidies are associated with reduced unemployment when considering long‐term effects. However, PES is found to have indirect effects on other policy types and increased spending on PES is shown to reinforce long‐term effects of training programs.