完善我国就业与失业统计指标体系的新方法

在我国,随着劳动力市场机制的运作及其功能的发挥,失业问题必然出现。因此,建立我国完整的就业与失业统计指标体系,对此进行反映、监测和分析,以采取及时有效的措施予以干预和控制,就有了非常重要的意义。     

中英失业保险制度比较分析

通过介绍英国和中国的失业保险制度并加以对比,试图找到现行的失业保险制度存在的一些不足,提出了扩大失业保险覆盖面,规范和完善失业保险的管理和监督制度,加强失业保险基金的筹集和完善失业保险金的保值增值制度,切实做好下岗职工基本生活保障制度、失业保险制度和城市居民最低生活保障制度这三条保障线的衔接工作,加强失业保险的法制建设以及变消极的生活保障为积极的促进再就业,以实现积极就业的保障等对策建议。     

劳动经济学研究的新进展

作为经济学的主要分支学科,劳动经济学近年来在就业失业理论、人力资本投资理论、劳动力市场的分割与歧视、收入分配理论和工会与罢工理论等方面,在理论、实证和政策研究方面都取得了不少研究成果.国内学者的研究在研究方法上逐渐完成与国际的接轨,并在对转轨时期的中国劳动力市场的分析与研究上逐步形成自己的特色,其研究成果对发展中国家和经济转型国家具有一定的启示意义.     

我国失业率统计指标变化对测度失业的影响分析

我国长期以来缺乏一个和国际接轨的失业率统计数字,就业与失业的真实状况并不能通过科学的统计指标反映。目前中国正处于急剧的社会转型过程中,失业人口规模不断扩大。可是,2005年我国统计年鉴上公布的城镇失业率4.2%,它实际上很难反映中国真实的失业水平,因而不能准确、及时地反映国民经济的运行状况。国家统计局从2005年11月开始进行“调查失业率”的抽样统计。本文阐述国际上其他国家是如何测度失业率的和对比两种测试失业方法的经济影响。     

Quod vadis? The effect of youth unemployment and demographic pressure on migration in the MENA region

Recent trends in international migration reveal increasing migration outflows from Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries. This development is accompanied by a massive rise in youth unemployment and a major increase in the young population in this region. This paper provides a quantitative assessment of migration patterns and analyses the interacting effect of the unfavourable combination of youth unemployment and demographic pressure on migration decisions. Based on an assessment of bilateral migration flows from 19 MENA to 34 OECD countries between 1995 and 2020, we find that youth unemployment plays a significant role in explaining emigration flows from MENA countries. We also find that the migration-generating effect of youth unemployment is contingent upon demographic pressure in the youth cohorts and increases with an increasing number of youths.     

Style in a school community—“Ne” deletion in French preschool

This article explores the question of style in a school community, through negation use among the adults and children in a French preschool. Thirteen adults and 61 pupils aged 3–6 years were followed over a period of 2.5 years. The findings draw on a corpus of oral data collected in an unsupervised manner and comprising almost 640,000 transcribed words (428,100 for the children and 210,241 for the adults). The findings show, on the one hand, that the teachers adapt stylistically to their interlocutors and that their professional stance leads to more formal speech and, on the other hand, that the children's use of bipartite negation is marginal before the age of 6 years and does not present notable stylistic variations.     

The perceived fair duration of unemployment benefits for older workers. The role of lifetime achievements in the labour market

The welfare state regulates social policies and reallocates scarce resources. For the social legitimacy of the welfare state, it is important that the public supports the principles underlying this reallocation. This article examines the impact of different activities during the life course on public deservingness perceptions of older unemployed people. In a factorial survey experiment conducted among a random sample of individuals drawn from German administrative employment records, we examine the maximum duration of benefit receipt which is perceived as fair for older unemployed persons with different biographies. The results indicate strong public support for a nexus between previous contributions and benefit entitlements. Besides financial contributions to unemployment insurance, parenting and further training are considered to be ‘lifetime achievements’ which justify longer unemployment benefit receipt. We interpret these findings as an expression of a generalised form of reciprocity which guides perceptions of deservingness regarding older unemployed persons.     

Parental unemployment and children's educational attainment: How big is the role of aspirations?

Children exposed to parental unemployment have been found to lag behind in school, but research has struggled to pin down the underlying explanation. One hypothesis is that parental unemployment may dampen children's aspirations to do well and go far in school. Yet, few studies on parental unemployment have relied on actual measures of children's aspirations or devised a formal analysis of this mechanism. Using the UK Household Longitudinal Study (Waves 1–12, N = 1067), I investigate the role of educational aspirations in children's General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) attainment. I compare adolescents exposed to parental unemployment before or only after the typical age at which GCSE exams are taken. In adjusted models, children exposed to parental unemployment before their GCSEs are around 6 percentage points less likely to attain any GCSE qualification by age 17. On average, children have high educational aspirations, although intentions to enrol in college or university are relatively lower among children exposed to an early spell of parental unemployment. Nevertheless, a hypothetical intervention setting these aspirations to the same level for all children only accounts for a modest portion of the educational penalty tied to an early spell of parental unemployment. Several sensitivity and robustness tests support this conclusion. This note seeks to stimulate more research on the mechanisms underpinning the intergenerational effects of unemployment. Findings cast doubts on the idea that children's aspirations, the target of broader policy discourse and interventions, are a crucial part of the equation.     

音变现象在英语和法语中的对比研究

为了更好地帮助英语专业学生掌握第二外语法语的音变规则和技巧，对英语和法语中的音变现象进行对比研究，结果发现英语音变和法语音变具有高度相似性，由此提出提高法语语音教学质量的对策。     

新业态灵活就业人员纳入失业保险制度的困境与解决

灵活就业人员社会保险问题一直是社会关注的热点,而这类群体失业保障的缺失是一项制度难题。目前,我国失业保险待遇与社会救助金、失业保险基金与公共服务费用混同使用的现象普遍存在,失业保险制度覆盖范围也比较狭窄。此外,灵活就业人群缴纳社会保险费的数额、期限的确定面临困境,“非自愿”失业的传统认定标准也不再符合现实需求。将灵活就业人员纳入失业保险制度,无论是其动因,还是从实践需要的角度考虑都实属必要,其可行性也有国内外成功经验支撑。因此,从现有制度出发,探索适合我国灵活就业人员的失业保险制度,不仅在立法中要回归社会保险的基本理念,扩大保障范围,还应在现有制度基础上,灵活确定这类群体的缴费机制、期限,科学界定“非自愿”失业,以更好地实现对这类群体的权益保障。