自然失业角度下的我国大学生就业问题

大学生就业难的问题一直是困扰着党和政府合理配置劳动力资源,建设人力资源强国的难题,我国每年日益增长的大学毕业生由于种种复杂原因面临就业歧视、就业压力大、就业焦虑等一系列问题,这些问题都困扰着每一个大学生的生活和学习。如何找到解决大学生就业难的根源尤为重要。对自然失业现象的分析有助于从根源上找到我国大学生就业困难的问题所在。     

法国启蒙民权思想与陈独秀资产阶级民主观的初步形成

迫于鸦片战争以后恶劣的国内政治形势,早年的陈独秀怀着救国的理想几次东渡日本。在那里,他接触并认可了法国启蒙民权思想对中国社会改造的指导作用。回国后,通过一系列的革命活动,陈独秀丰富和提升了自身对法国启蒙民权思想的认识,并随之初步形成了自己的资产阶级民主观。     

21世纪前后法国人类学发展趋势研究

法国人类学的产生不是一蹴而就的,而是有着深刻的时代背景和深厚的文化积淀。在世界人类学发展过程中,社会学年鉴学派、结构学派等都曾对世界人类学产生过深远的影响。经过百年曲折发,法国人类学已经发展成为一门独立、较完备、有自己特色的学科,在理论上有许多新创造、新突破和新建树,如今仍以独特的理论体系在世界人类学舞台上发挥着前沿作用,并占有重要地位,得到了学术界和社会的认可。特别是近20年,它的发展、研究规划更加明确,在竞争激烈的世界人类学研究中,稳稳地占据了一席之地。它发展的经验和教训,为中国民族学人类学的当代发展尤其是理论创新和扩展研究思路方面提供了难得的借鉴和启示。     

Going to work without educational qualifications: school-to-work transitions of early school leavers in Belgium

ABSTRACT

Risks of exclusion can occur in multiple forms and start early in life. Early school leavers are especially at risk of social exclusion as this is strongly related to turbulent school-to-work-transitions. These young people often find themselves in low-qualified work or unemployment. In this article, we explore the labour market experiences of early school leavers in Flanders, Belgium. In total, 15 in-depth interviews were conducted with nine early school leavers and analysed following a grounded theory approach. Our results demonstrate the difficulties early school leavers encounter in their transitions from school to work and their precarious situation in the labour market. Of particular relevance are the insights gained in revealing the perspectives of young people on the importance of educational qualifications, work experience and participation in the labour market, as well as the strategies they develop to enter the labour market without educational qualifications.     

Does unemployment lead to isolation? The consequences of unemployment for social networks

Popular accounts in both social science and society claim that unemployment goes together with social withdrawal. However, empirical support for this conclusion is largely derived from cross-sectional studies or indirect measurements of social contacts. In this study, we argue that consequences of unemployment for personal networks differ across social groups and by length of unemployment. Using longitudinal data from the Swiss Household Panel (1999–2010), we focus on three frequently employed social network statistics: network size, contact frequency, and perceived support by friends, family, neighbors, and acquaintances. We estimate how short (<1 year) and long term (>1 year) unemployment relates to these network characteristics for men and women, people below and above 50 years of age, and lower and higher educated individuals. Our results provide a more-nuanced perspective on the commonly assumed social withdrawal following unemployment.     

Helping mothers to combine paid and unpaid work–or fighting unemployment? the ambiguities of french family policy

The Family Law' passed by the French Parliament in July 1994 introduced important changes in family policy. Because the number of publicly subsidised childcare places is still very limited, and to encourage families to create employment (by employing childcare workers), the government has chosen to encourage the development of a variety of childcare provisions by increasing the financial incentives payable to parents employing a private nanny or child-minder. The same rationale of reducing unemployment has also prompted the decision to extend existing child rearing benefit to families having a second child. This measure has been very successful in encouraging women to retire from the labour market. The high cost of these changes has been shared by Social Security and the State. However, the changes have contributed to the increased polarisation between higher and lower wages families, with highly qualified mothers, who can afford childcare costs, remaining in paid employment after giving birth, and lower qualified mothers leaving the labour market.     

“新”“异”叙事下的本土观照——论刘以鬯对法国“新小说派”的选择性吸收

有“香港文坛教父”之称的作家刘以鬯毕生致力于“求新求异”,其“实验小说”创作借鉴西方现代派文学理论,充满了探索性和先锋性。笔者结合他的一系列“反小说”创作,分析了刘以鬯对法国“新小说派”的新锐创作观及主要创新技巧如“客体写作”、“跳跃”、“环合”、“复现”和“开放性创作”等手法的吸收与借鉴,并指出其“求新求异”的叙事背后立足香港本土,着力表现香港社会现实以及小人物命运的深刻创作主旨。     

法国大革命反思

本文对我国的法国大革命史研究作了反思,在三大问题上提出了看法：其一,在大革命史的分期问题上,提出了五阶段分期法;其二．在大革命与政治现代化的关系问题上,提出了大革命是西方资产阶级政治现代化的新典型,它提出的建立现代国家的理论框架和实践模式,推进了西方资产阶级政治现代化的进程;其三,大革命的负效应,主要表现在非理性的群众运动和扩大化的恐怖统治两个方面,给后人留下了血的教训。     

我国欠发达地区失业面临的难题及对策

通过社会调查、文献研究对经济欠发达地区与经济发达地区的失业保险现状及发展趋势进行比较分析,指出我国经济欠发达地区失业保险面临失业压力巨大,保障功能脆弱,基金筹集困难和支出结构不合理,管理不科学等四大难题。提出国家在就业培训方面应给予不发达地区更多支持,实行多元化筹资,调整基金支出结构,基金征、管、用三分离,把失业保险纳入法制化、规范化轨道,提高失业保险机构管理水平等具体政策建议     

法国广告的文化意蕴和创意技巧

法国的广告具有独特浓郁的文化特色．文章从广告的文化内涵、文化表现、特定文化习性下形成的创意技巧三个方面,探讨了法国广告文化意蕴的特征．指出广告的文化定位有十分重要的价值．中国广告要努力探索具有中国文化特色的创意表现新路．