关系型治理向正式治理转型的最优化分析

Li(2003)和王永钦(2006、2009)在认识到关系型治理对于经济发展的重要意义的同时,也指出了从关系型治理向正式治理转型的必要性。从微观主体对合约形式的选择行为入手,可以建立了一个最优化模型来进一步研究从关系型治理向正式治理转型的条件和策略,具有一定的现实意义。     

The Civilizing Process of Trust: Developing Quality Mechanisms which are Local,Professional‐led and thus Legitimate

‘Quality’ and ‘performance’ have become defining concepts for policymakers and health‐care systems alike. Yet whilst these principles are of fundamental importance, their practical implementation and assurance are far from straightforward. This commentary analyses the difficulties faced in enhancing quality and performance in the English NHS. Many recent initiatives have been driven through incentives and external auditing of the professionals providing health care on the frontline. Drawing on recent literature and research findings, we argue that this checking‐based ‘audit culture’ is fundamentally flawed in driving quality and performance. Many targets and measures are too crude to reflect important aspects affecting patient outcomes and therefore these frameworks lack legitimacy amongst professionals. An alternative, trust‐based model is proposed – one more capable of acknowledging the meaning, complexity and specificities inherent to professional work. Quality mechanisms developed locally by professionals are able to produce the legitimacy crucial for their effectiveness. It is argued that the normative obligation of approaches based on conditional trust is a more compelling incentive towards good practice than targets and sanctions. This governance by ‘the social’ is able to motivate a more holistically enlightened and consistent reflexivity towards practice, though it is only able to flourish in the absence of purposive‐rational systems.     

A governance network perspective on environmental conflicts in China: findings from the Dalian paraxylene conflict

Employing the Governance Network framework, this article presents an in-depth case study of the conflict that evolved from 2003 onwards over the construction and operation of a paraxylene plant in Dalian, China. The study explores the usefulness of this framework as an empirical tool to describe and make sense of policy processes and governance in multi-actor situations in China. The analysis shows the lack of anticipation and deliberation by Chinese governments, resulting in the buildup of citizens’ concerns, mediated by social media beyond government control. This results in an outbreak of protest followed by uncoordinated governmental responses, with high costs for all parties. It is argued that, because of the underlying institutional causes, the challenges are even greater for Chinese governments to come to grips with the increasing need for internal coordination, deal with new social media, and balance economic and environmental values.     

网络治理的权力基础:一个跨案例研究

网络组织是当前经济活动中的普遍现象,网络治理并非信任基础上的自主治理,而是受组织间权力关系的规制,权力是决定网络组织运行的重要关系并影响了网络组织运行绩效.本文通过一个跨案例研究,分析了网络治理的权力基础,提出组织间权力来源于企业资源、结构位势和制度压力.三种权力基础的作用机理不同,其中企业资源和网络中心性显著地表现为个体层面的权力,而网络密度和制度压力则体现为网络层面的权力,个体层面权力与网络层面权力的相互作用导致网络组织呈现不同的演变趋势.     

机构投资者持股对信息披露的治理作用研究——以管理层盈余预告为例

本文以我国A股上市公司2004-2007年盈余预告披露数据为例,实证检验了机构投资者对信息披露的治理作用。结果发现:(1)随着机构投资者持股比例的增加,管理层采取的盈余预告精确性提高(更具体的形式和更小的误差),及时性也增强;(2)银行、财务公司类机构、一般基金类机构对管理层盈余预告选择的积极治理作用相对较强,而养老、保险类机构对管理层盈余预告选择的积极治理作用则相对较弱;(3)处于不同持股规模时,管理层盈余预告的精确性、及时性均随着机构投资者整体持股比例增大而提高。但是,机构投资者持股比例的提高易导致了管理层盈余预告的乐观态度倾向;(4)股权分置改革后,机构投资者持股对管理层盈余预告披露选择的积极治理作用比股权分置改革前有所增强。建议大力发展机构投资者规模和专业素质以优化投资者结构,促进我国资本市场的健康发展。     

慈善捐赠、公司治理与股东财富

近些年来,越来越多的企业开始从事慈善捐赠,而企业这种利他主义行为会给股东财富带来何种影响却始终没有得到回答。通过研究2008年汶川地震后中国上市公司的捐赠行为,本文发现慈善捐赠对于股东财富来说是一把双刃剑:不论从短期还是长期来看,累计超额回报率均和捐赠排名正相关,表明了慈善捐赠能够提升股东财富;而对于成长性高的公司而言,其捐款的机会成本较高,企业的捐赠活动降低了股东财富。更为重要的是,慈善捐赠对于股东财富的提升仅体现在大股东非绝对控股和机构持股的公司中,说明只有有效的公司治理机制才能够确保企业做出最大化股东财富的捐赠行为。本文的发现为更好地评价和规范企业慈善捐赠活动提供了一定的经验支持。     

Will they stay or will they go? How network properties of WebICs predict dropout rates of valuable Wikipedians

This paper contributes to our understanding of an increasingly prevalent work system, web-based internet communities (WebICs). We are particularly interested in how WebICs are governed given the fact how different they are compared to more classical forms of organization. We study the governance of a WebIC by studying the structure and dynamics of their edit network. Given the fact that the edit network is a relational structure, social network analysis is key to understanding these work systems. We demonstrate that characteristics of the edit network contribute to predicting the dropout hazard of valuable WebIC members. Since WebICs exist only thanks to the activity of their contributors, predicting drop-outs becomes crucial. The results show that reputation and controversy have different effects for different types of Wikipedians; i.e., an actor’s reputation decreases the dropout hazard of active Wikipedians, while participation on controversial pages decreases the dropout hazard of highly active Wikipedians.     

浅析我国乡村治理发展中的问题

乡村治理是我国一个重大而紧迫的农村现代化问题。随着村民自治的实施与不断完善,我国农村基层民主制度更加体现了广大的农民的利益需求,推动了农村社会经济的发展。近年来我国乡村治理在取得可喜成就的同时,还存在着不可忽视的问题,发展中面对更多的挑战。在阐述乡村治理的相关内容之后,分析了制约我国乡村治理的一些问题,并针对这些问题提出了相应的对策和建议。     

重塑农村基层组织的治理责任——理解税费改革后乡村治理困境的一个框架

从农村调研的情况来看,近年乡村出现新一轮的治理困境,主要根源于国家通过税费改革及配套改革脱卸了农村基层组织的治理责任。治理责任是指农村基层组织凝聚、配置资源进行乡村治理的动力、意愿和职责。在国家集中了绝大部分政治、经济与合法性资源,以及乡村治权具有配置性特点的条件下,国家下达至农村基层组织的治理任务就十分关键,有上级的治理压力就有农村基层组织的治理责任,它就能配置资源形成乡村治权,进行乡村治理。而没有国家的治理任务,农村基层组织就不会主动进行乡村治理。因此,为了扭转乡村治理困局,国家应该重塑农村基层组织的治理责任。     

公司治理与资本结构优化问题

本文在公司治理理论的基础上,分析了公司治理、债务结构与管理者之间的关系,强调了债务机制与管理者激励在企业改革与资本结构优化中的重要作用,认为要提高国家巨大投资的效率,必须重构公司治理结构、优化公司资本结构.