OEM product design in a price competition with remanufactured product

An original equipment manufacturer (OEM) produces new products and often faces a dilemma when determining the level of interchangeability in its product design. The interchangeability is considered as a degree to which the product can be disassembled without force, and thus an increasing degree of interchangeability would decrease the OEM's production cost, but it would also lower a remanufacturer's cost in cannibalizing used items. Decreasing the level of interchangeability to deter the remanufacturer, on the other hand, would simultaneously increase the production costs of the OEM. We thus formulate a two-period supply chain model consisting of two chain members, an OEM and a remanufacturer, to investigate the product design decision of the OEM and both chain members' competitive pricing strategies. We then characterize the equilibrium decisions and profits with regard to costs and consumers' preference for the remanufactured product. We also evaluate a strategic game in which the OEM chooses the degree of interchangeability, and the remanufacturer determines its collection strategy. We find that the product-design strategy is effective for the OEM in competing with the remanufacturer, but it is not necessarily harmful to the remanufacturer.     

Managing green productivity: Some strategic directions

The twentieth century has been the hallmark for managing total productivity, where the emphasis is towards maximization of outputs commensurate with the consumption of inputs. This is being challenged now to evolve the world class manufacturing strategy requiring a paradigm shift. This shift is towards green productivity, which looks forward to socially appropriate production and consumption aiming at value innovation and resource conservation. This paper is an attempt to outline the concepts and experiential learning about green productivity.     

退耕还林工程在社会主义新农村建设中的作用

退耕还林工程的实施改善了山区、沙区的生态环境，促进了农民增收，加快了农村 产业结构的调整，促进了农民 思想观念的转变，已经成为社会主义新农村建设的重大举措和重要载体。继续稳步推进退耕 还林工程建设，必将为社会主义新农村建设目标的实现作出更大的贡献。     

具变号非线性项二阶四点边值问题的两个正解

利用锥上的不动点定理，研究了一类具有变号非线性项的二阶四点边值问题的两个正解的存在性，得到了存在两个正解的充分条件．     

“人文奥运”新内涵下的北京社会建设

人文奥运是2008北京奥运的核心理念。赋予人文奥运以“推动经济社会协调发展、促进社会和谐发展，体现社会关怀”新内涵，是从社会学的视角对“人文奥运”丰富内涵的拓展和深化，同时也体现了当前北京社会建设的要求及北京奥运会后将留下“独一无二”的奥运遗产的要求。加强“人文奥运”新内涵的研究和认识，使“人文奥运”理念充实且可操作具有非常重要而深远的理论和现实意义。     

我国应对绿色贸易壁垒的对策分析

当前 ,世界贸易中出现了一种新动向 :一些发达国家利用世界日益高涨的绿色浪潮 ,经过制订高于发展中国家的环境质量标准 ,构筑起非关税的“绿色贸易壁垒” ,限制或制止外国商品的进口 ,以达到其贸易保护主义的目的。为了提高我国产品的出口效益 ,抢占广阔的国际市场 ,拉动我国经济的持续增长 ,我国必须打破国际贸易中的“绿色贸易壁垒” ,实施经济的“绿色”战略。     

上海汽车产业绿色升级研究

伴随着我国汽车产业的迅猛发展,绿色环保汽车的设计与生产、废旧汽车的绿色回收等问题成为研究的热点,汽车产业链的绿色升级势在必行。汽车产业链包括汽车生产的产业链,也包括汽车消费及后消费的产业链。产业链的不同环节间存在着输入端资源减量和输出端污染减量的相互作用,必须通过上下游的协同运作来提升产业链的整体环境绩效。将创新型商业模式的产品服务系统与作为环境保护策略的生产者责任延伸制整合起来,研究两者耦合可为汽车产业绿色升级带来新思路和新方法。     

弹性力学平面问题的双调和方程的格林函数解法

讨论了弹性力学双调和方程４ Ｕ ＝ ０ 的格林（Ｇｒｅｅｎ） 函数解法     

北京2008人文奥运形象树立的基点与核心理念

人文奥运是北京奥运会三大理念的核心理念,也是向世界展示北京及中国形象的对接点,现针对人文奥运形象树立的三个基点,并就核心理念体系进行分析与探讨,着力塑造并向世界展示全新的中国形象。     

Influence of vegetation composition on runoff in two simulated green roof experiments

Despite the fact that green roofs are based upon living systems, the majority of published research literature contains little specific information on the contribution of plants to the various functions and properties of green roofs. Furthermore, there has been little investigation of the influence of the composition of vegetation on the physical properties of a green roof system. This paper reviews previously published material that throws light on the role of vegetation composition on green roof function, with particular regard to rainwater runoff. Two experiments at the University of Sheffield, UK, are considered in detail: (a) An outdoor lysimeter experiment that investigated the quantity of runoff from trays containing 100 mm of growing medium and combinations of grasses and forbs, together with bare substrate, and (b) a greenhouse experiment using simulated rainfall to estimate the amount of rainfall intercepted by different vegetation types. In both cases the vegetation ranged from simple monocultures of forbs and grasses through to complex mixtures of both. In both cases, the composition of the vegetation was found to significantly affect both the amount of water retained and released from the system.