薪酬差距与员工努力：基于横向公平的研究

从横向公平的角度出发,利用一个简洁的理论模型研究薪酬差距、员工努力程度与企业内部薪酬结构问题。研究结论表明,当员工对于相互间的薪酬差距的关注程度越高时,在最优状态下,企业应使内部员工的薪酬差距越小,并且这种差距缩小的幅度由员工努力水平对相对工资(即薪酬差距)和自身工资的敏感度的比值决定。使内部薪酬差距缩小化以及保密薪酬制度是企业解决薪酬的人际比较问题的有效途径。     

以帕累托最优为标准的效率与公平问题的分析

以帕累托标准为基础的关于效率与公平的理论是西方经济学重要的理论。帕累托标准不过是为资本主义生产资料私有制和资产阶级统治披上合理的外衣,表明资本主义私有制的经济制度和阶级差别是公平与效率矛盾问题的根源。只有消除阶级差别和权利差别,以人民的利益为根本出发点,才能实现效率与公平的统一。     

Personnel turnover in health care organizations: Test of a predictive model based on work assessments by employees

It is predicted that institutions in Dutch intramural health care will be increasingly confronted with problems in personnel supply. Instead of making great efforts to keep the inflow of new personnel on the desired level, control of turnover is an alternative solution. In this paper, an explanatory model is constructed, based on previous theories and research findings. It is hypothesized that the more employees have positive attitudes concerning their work and work situation, the greater their satisfaction and commitment and hence the less their intention to leave and the lower actual turnover. This model was tested using a large scale employee questionnaire. The instrument turned out to be reliable (internal consistencies above .70). The questionnaire was administered in eight institutions in four health care sectors (n = 1456). Results indicate that attitudes about work content and personnel management are relevant in predicting intention to leave. All in all, 8 work-related aspects predicted 21% of intention to leave. Aspects with the most predictive value were career guidance, work safety, responsibilities and job discretion. Furthermore, general satisfaction was shown to play an intermediary role in predicting intention to leave. It is concluded that improvements in work content and personnel management can reduce intention to leave and hence the demand for new personnel.     

Preserving white comfort and safety: the politics of race erasure in academe

ABSTRACT

In this paper four critical scholars/ activists reflect on the complex institutional and public responses to recent white supremacist events on Canadian campuses and the equity discussions they have affected. Specifically, we interrogate practices, which reify and reinsure positions of dominance and human/social hierarchy in four ways. To begin, (1) we interrogate freedom of speech and freedom of expression positions, as well as the reliance on critique of neoliberalism to supplant analyses of racism and colonial logics, to identify their role in preserving white fragility. Next, (2) we provide a local media analysis of academe’s responses to white supremacy on campus to trace the discursive moves that obscure institutional racism. Following these contextual scaffoldings, (3) we explore the ways equity projects within institutions remain projects protecting and preserving whiteness while exploiting the politics of identity. Finally, (4) we carefully reflect on the various modes of inclusion in the academy, which produce racialized scholars(hip) to be complicit in the reproduction of racial thinking, alongside and occluded by institutional narratives of equity and progress. Critical questions are raised regarding the possibilities, complicities and complexities of achieving equity and transformation in the academy, as well as the role of racialized scholars(hip) in this work.     

新疆穆斯林人口现状与家庭生殖健康服务的新模式

新疆是多民族、多文化宗教的少数民族地区。在新疆百分之六十多的少数民族人口中,信仰伊斯兰教的穆斯林人口占绝对优势。新疆是全国穆斯林人口比较集中的地区之一。在国际人口与发展大会提出的“生殖健康”新理念的影响下,国家人口计划生育有关部门于1999年至2004年在新疆穆斯林人口聚居地区开展了“生殖健康教育宣传”项目试点。本文在描述和分析新疆穆斯林人口及其社会经济和宗教信仰的基本状况的基础上,考察了新疆穆斯林人口聚居地区实施“生殖健康”项目的情况,并对成功的经验进行了概括和总结,展示了项目实施的重要性及现实意义。     

WHO's MIND,whose future? Mental health projects as colonial logics

This paper examines the Mental Health Improvements for Nations Development of the World Health Organization (WHO), or what it refers to as its MIND project, as it produces versions of human and human suffering. Arising at approximately the same time as decolonization began to occur, the WHO can be read as reflective of colonial history as well as a colonizing force in postcolonial times. Through an analysis of the WHO's publicly available material, we shall show how the MIND project is not only a product of, but also helps to produce the power of coloniality. In the WHO MIND project, professional disability knowledge is used to identify an emergent mental health crisis in need of Western medical intervention. Guided by Fanon's call to notice how assistance makes a subject ‘thoroughly fit into a social environment of the colonial type,’ we examine the role of disability knowledge in the production of people ‘fit’ to survive in environments that reproduce coloniality. We show how the WHO MIND project can be read so as to reveal the restrictive and exclusive versions of the human that have arisen from the colonial past as our way to attempt to disrupt the developmental trajectory of the coloniality of the present.     

Implementation and evaluation of an Exercise is Medicine™ on campus week

Exercise is Medicine™ (EiM) on campus targets physical activity (PA) participation on college campuses. Limited research has addressed how PA initiatives can be operationalized on college campuses.PurposeTo describe the implementation of EiM on a large U.S. university campus and present preliminary outcomes on participation and awareness.MethodsEiM week was implemented on a large university campus. Exercise stations were set-up at campus locations to encourage brief bouts of PA and educate about the benefits of PA. Evaluation included observations of participation, surveys, and intercept surveys to assess awareness and reach.ResultsEiM week was implemented during Fall 2013. Exercise stations elicited 1771 exercise bouts from participants. Surveys indicated widespread reach across the university (13 of 17 colleges); most students (50.8%) became aware of the EiM campaign by passing by the exercise stations. Campus intercept surveys 1-week post-event indicated 54% students had heard about EiM, of which 39% had heard/seen the event through messages encouraging exercise.ConclusionThe current study was successful in engaging a large, diverse population on a college campus. Lessons learned from the development, implementation, and evaluation of EiM on campus activities provide insight for university campuses looking to target student health and PA participation.     

科举法与科举制度

从科举法的主要形式与内容出发,认为科举法设计了一套考官之间、考生与考官之间相互监督的制度,具有重视程序建设、相关规定严密而具体,具有可操作性、重视礼在科举制度中的价值,道统与法统相统一、公平性等特点。科举法与科举制度关系十分复杂,它是科举制度的护航者,但在一定情形下也与科举制度的目标相冲突。     

Differences in Life Expectancy and Disability Free Life Expectancy in Italy. A Challenge to Health Systems

Background Measures of health expectancy such as Disability Free Life Expectancy are used to evaluate and compare regional/national health statuses. These indicators are useful for understanding changes in the health status and defining health policies and decisions on the provision of services because provide useful information on possible areas needing interventions and burden of care to health systems. Methods Two databases have been used for the analysis: the Italian Health Interview Survey and the European Community Household Panel. The data were analyzed by gender and geographic area. DFLE was calculated by the Sullivan method. Results In 2005 in Italy women have a longer life expectancy than men: 84 and 78 years, respectively. But if we consider life without disability in Italy the male disadvantage reduces: men live 85% of their years without disability, women only 75%. Geographic differences do exist because Disability Free Life Expectancy is longer in Northern and in Central regions; shorter in the South. At a European level similar data can be found: on average women live longer but they have a longer time of life with disability. Conclusion In Italy women live longer but have a worse quality of health than men; in the South there is a worse quality of health. Similar findings can be identified at a European level. The Italian situation with the highest percentage of DFLE at 65 out of the total LE at 65 and one of the longest LE witnesses ageing is not necessarily associated to a worsening of health.     

"公平与效率"--高等教育面临的两难抉择

在社会主义初级阶段,高等教育面临的矛盾是人民日益增长的高等教育需求与高等教育资源严重短缺之间的矛盾.由此带来了教育中突出的公平与效率问题,如何在兼顾公平的前提下追求最大效率是我们目前的一道难题.在高等学校教育经费投入不足和浪费严重同时并存的情况下,实践证明解决问题的出路在于高等教育走产业化道路.