香港高等教育社会适应性办学模式的质量问题及其启示

香港高等教育进入普及教育阶段后,学校的发展采用社会适应性办学模式,其模式在处理数量与质量上有顾此失彼,转型初期出现了诸如生源、师资、素质教育等质量问题。在实施社会适应性办学模式过程中(尤其九七年香港回归后),政府各界与学校一道推进了改革,从教育目标、课程建设、合作交流等方向可窥视他们的大胆尝试。     

苏村的互助--乡村互惠交换体系的人类学分析(上)

有关交换方面的研究自莫斯对礼物馈赠的探讨之后,一直为社会文化人类学界所关注.虽然礼物交换在很多书中都有详细的论述,但劳力、资金、物品等方面的互惠交换现象却很少被涉及.论文通过对一个农村的互助体系的田野调查,阐明了互助行为背后的文化内涵和社会意义.互助是以互惠互利为基本原则,以人情和关系为文化基础的社会交换.它既是一种利益交换的工具,也是一种表达感情和履行道德义务的方式.互助不仅保障了经济与社会的正常发展,而且加深了人们的感情,创造、维持和强化了人际间的社会关系.     

行政管理革新与法治政府建设——应以法治和发展的眼光审视当下的行政管理新举措

当下深化改革的进程中我国行政管理新举措层出不穷且争议甚多,可从几个方面加以观察和评价:一是诸多典型案(事)例暴露出严重的观念滞后问题,必须克服戴旧眼镜看新事物的现象;二是内容丰富的行政管理改革创新是在宏大复杂的背景下进行的,最主要的背景因素是经济和政治改革的深化和科技革命的影响;三是我国行政管理改革创新的动向,是以人为本前提下走向柔性管理、高效管理和方法创新,重点是行政管理方式方法的创新发展,相对而言这是成本低、风险小、效率高、成效稳健、易达共识的路径选择;四是行政管理改革创新应坚持法治原则和实践标准等基本界限,防止借创新之名行营私之实。当下关键在于我们要以法治和发展的眼光去看待、宽容和冷静的心态去对待这些行政管理改革的创新举措。     

美国与20世纪60年代日本对东南亚的经济援助

20世纪50年代中后期,美国面临日益增长的对外经济援助需求与严重国际收支失衡所造成的两难困境。为了解决这一困境,肯尼迪政府提出了援助负担分担政策,并推动形成了国际援助体系。美国的这些举措对日本外援政策产生了重要影响。一方面,美国迫切需要并采取切实措施敦促日本分担其在东亚的援助负担,使得日本的对外援助一开始就向东南亚倾向;另一方面,美国主导下的国际援助体系形成之后,作为开发援助委员会的正式成员,日本的对外援助在援助数量和质量方面都需满足相应的要求。     

高校体育教学改革与学生创造能力的培养

培养学生的创造力是高等教育的重要任务之一.在高校体育教学中加强素质教育是培养学生创造力的关键;转变观念、增强创造意识、体现课程的创新观念、积级接受创造教育是培养学生创造力的主要途径.     

"高智商"暴力犯罪的心理原因及其预防--"博士施暴"现象分析

本文对两则有关"博士施暴"的案例进行分析,主要考察了行为人自身的智力、气质、意识和性格几个心理因素以及学校教育和社会环境两个外界诱因,并从社会教育、道德培养和法律意识培养三个方面提出了关于预防"高智商"暴力犯罪的几点建议.     

Extended BIC for linear regression models with diverging number of relevant features and high or ultra-high feature spaces

In many conventional scientific investigations with high or ultra-high dimensional feature spaces, the relevant features, though sparse, are large in number compared with classical statistical problems, and the magnitude of their effects tapers off. It is reasonable to model the number of relevant features as a diverging sequence when sample size increases. In this paper, we investigate the properties of the extended Bayes information criterion (EBIC) (Chen and Chen, 2008) for feature selection in linear regression models with diverging number of relevant features in high or ultra-high dimensional feature spaces. The selection consistency of the EBIC in this situation is established. The application of EBIC to feature selection is considered in a SCAD cum EBIC procedure. Simulation studies are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the SCAD cum EBIC procedure in finite sample cases.     

Bayesian Proportional Hazard Analysis of the Timing of High School Dropout Decisions

In this paper, I study the timing of high school dropout decisions using data from High School and Beyond. I propose a Bayesian proportional hazard analysis framework that takes into account the specification of piecewise constant baseline hazard, the time-varying covariate of dropout eligibility, and individual, school, and state level random effects in the dropout hazard. I find that students who have reached their state compulsory school attendance ages are more likely to drop out of high school than those who have not reached compulsory school attendance ages. Regarding the school quality effects, a student is more likely to drop out of high school if the school she attends is associated with a higher pupil–teacher ratio or lower district expenditure per pupil. An interesting finding of the paper that comes along with the empirical results is that failure to account for the time-varying heterogeneity in the hazard, in this application, results in upward biases in the duration dependence estimates. Moreover, these upward biases are comparable in magnitude to the well-known downward biases in the duration dependence estimates when the modeling of the time-invariant heterogeneity in the hazard is absent.     

完善刑事被害人社会救助制度的思考

我国的社会救助制度已经可以在一定的程度上对刑事被害人实施社会救助。但存在的问题是:在治疗费用、生活照顾和心理救助方面考虑不够。完善刑事被害人社会救助制度的基本思路是:在医疗保险制度中明确规定,刑事被害人也属于医疗保险的保障范围;建立刑事被害人生活照顾制度;建立刑事被害人心理救助制度。     

Understanding the Ecological Validity of Relying Practice as a Basis for Risk Identification

Understanding the reliability of hazardous organizations and their protective systems is central to understanding the risk they produce. Work on “high reliability organization” has done much to illuminate the conditions in which social organization becomes reliable in highly demanding conditions. But risk depends just as much on how relying entities do their relying as it does on the reliability of the entities they rely on. Patterns of relying are often opaque in sociotechnical systems, and processes of relying and being relied on are mutually influencing in complex ways, so the relationship between relying and risk may not be at all obvious. This study was an attempt to study relying as a social practice, in particular analyzing how it had ecological validity in a social organization—how practice was responsive to the conditions in which it took place. This involved observational fieldwork and inductive, qualitative analysis on an offshore oil and gas production platform that was nearing the end of its design life and undergoing refurbishment. The analysis produced four main categories of ecological validity: responsiveness to formal organization, responsiveness to situational contingency, responsiveness to information asymmetry, and responsiveness to sociomateriality. This ecological validity of relying practice should be a primary focus of risk identification, assessing how relying can become mismatched to reliability in certain ways, both when relying practice is responsive to circumstances and when it is not.